Campbellteaching
Hello Everyone, My name is John Campbell and I am a retired Nurse Teacher and former clinical nurse based in England. I also do some teaching in Asia and Africa when time permits. These videos are to help students to learn the background to all forms of health care. My PhD focused on the development of open learning resources for nurses nationally and internationally. LinkedIn profile, https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-john-campbell-5256223b/ Twitter, https://twitter.com/Johnincarlisle Disclaimer; These media including videos, book, e book, articles, podcasts are not peer-reviewed. They should never replace individual clinical judgement from your own health care provider. No media-based material on this channel is suitable for using as professional medical advice. All comments are also for educational purposed only and must never replace advice from your own health care provider
Tucker Carlson and Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgZaT-OriO8&t=668s Uploaded 30-03-25 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Evidence for non-pharmaceutical interventions such as mass lockdowns was weak. (Not that you could have guessed that easily at the time from government messaging). Uploaded 02-10-23 Research and analysis COVID-19: non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce transmission https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-non-pharmaceutical-interventions-to-reduce-transmission 28 September 2023 Identify and categorise primary studies that reported on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), implemented in community settings to reduce the transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK. Physical distancing Surface cleaning Face coverings Hand and respiratory hygiene Ventilation Measures to identify and isolate those who are infectious or may become infectious, such as testing and isolation (also known as quarantine) Measures to reduce the number of contacts, including lockdown, settings closures and limitation of social contacts (such as the ‘rule of 6’) Shielding of the most clinically vulnerable Travel and border restrictions Review includes 151 studies (search date: 1 March 2023) Evidence gap map for NPIs https://research.ukhsa.gov.uk/evidence-gap-map-npi-and-covid-19/ Only 19 of the 151 studies reported on effectiveness of measures to reduce infection risk at individual level, of which 14 reported on face coverings. This suggests that there is an evidence gap for other measures within this category, such as hand and respiratory hygiene, ventilation and cleaning (studies that reported on packages of NPIs were excluded). Two-thirds of the evidence identified was based on modelling studies (100 out of 151 studies). There was a lack of experimental studies (2 out of 151 studies) Individual-level observational studies (22 out of 151 studies). On measures aimed to reduce infection risk at individual level The evidence available for this category is therefore likely to be weak, both in terms of study design and potential bias. Studies reporting on travel and border restrictions a weak evidence base in terms of study design. Apart from test and release strategies for which 2 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, the body of evidence available on effectiveness of NPIs in the UK provides weak evidence in terms of study design, as it is mainly based on modelling studies, ecological studies, (relationship between outcome and exposure at a population level) mixed-methods studies and qualitative studies. For future pandemic preparedness A need to strengthen evaluation of interventions, and build this into the design and implementation of public health interventions, and government policies from the start of any future pandemic, or other public health emergency. The next steps are to critically appraise and synthesise the evidence identified on the effectiveness of individual NPIs, implemented in community settings to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the UK. There is also a need to review and assess the evidence on the economic impact of NPIs, as well as their wider impact, including on mental health and health inequalities. For future reports More on harm / benefit analysis Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Madness of Crowds Uploaded 18-08-25 Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (Charles Mackay, 1841). Economic bubbles The Love of the Marvellous and the Disbelief of the True Peculiar Follies The Crusades The Witch Mania The Slow Poisoners Philosophical Delusions The Alchemysts Fortune Telling The Magnetisers (Frans Mesmer) Remedy to groupthink Uphold the right of dissenters to be heard. Medical journals, actively encourage the discussion of contrarian ideas Stop punishment for dissenters Address financial and other conflicts of interest. Indulge those occupied with “taboo science,” while still adhering to time-tested scientific principles and methods. Be aware of manipulating psychopaths and sociopaths (JC) Something is rotten in the Academy. We need to improve. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
With, Professor Norman Fenton Uploaded 24-10-22 Links for Professor Fenton, www.normanfenton.com www.youtube.com/@normanfenton81 https://twitter.com/profnfenton Professor Fenton is a mathematician, experienced in electrical engineering and computer science. Highly published and cited academic. Professor of Risk Information Management, Queen Mary London University Specialist in risk management for critical systems. Expert in quantitative risk assessment and predicting the probabilities of unknown events Implications of the Office for National Statistics estimates of Covid-19 vaccine take up in England on the representativeness of its sample population https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364310694_Implications_of_the_Office_for_National_Statistics_estimates_of_Covid-19_vaccine_take_up_in_England_on_the_representativeness_of_its_sample_population?channel=doi&linkId=63459d419cb4fe44f31d90fd&showFulltext=true Is it important to collect quantitively data to learn about a population group? Why do we need a representative sample of a population to collect valid data for the population as a whole? Can you give an example of how a representative sample of a population should be selected? Which sample is used by the ONS to generate their estimates of covid vaccine take up? Is this then a skewed sample? Given that to be included an individual had to have been in the 2011 census and must currently be registered with a GP, how many people are missed out? Of these 8 million people that are missed out from the ONS data, what proportion of these are unvaccinated? Are there any other estimates of the proportion of the population vaccinated for comparative purposes? Does this mean that the sample is not as representative as would be ideal? If the sample is not representative, how does this effect the validity of their data and hence their conclusions? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Professor David Nutt, doctor, psychiatrist, neuropsychopharmacologist, addiction specialist, medical author and researcher. Leading expert on brain chemistry, the effects of alcohol, and the GABA system. Uploaded 13-05-25 Link for Sentia drinks, https://sentiaspirits.com/ David founded SENTIA Spirits to achieve his vision of bringing safer, better choices to adult social drinkers. Link for Drink? UK link, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Drink-Science-Alcohol-Your-Health/dp/B07YX52JLR/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2CICWKTQ2JV3G&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.aJAoDtBh4cjOSqJe7adChK_tZ8CwQp9YPQgbUer7xKcLmQkqz0biMtFM8Y3SUkzDruAr8hJg8aYyAswq90VrTNa58iL58pFzQJncYJqifnXS3KB0vvalvEqbygogaLqs.G0fMPUA2osO5moD_aY8Vzk9joOSu5dyDJl-Vhk9EdYc&dib_tag=se&keywords=drink+david+nutt&qid=1747172137&sprefix=drink+david+nutt%2Caps%2C91&sr=8-1 US link, https://www.amazon.com/Drink-New-Science-Alcohol-Health/dp/030692384X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3JE2731TAQ8JO&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.mwR5QFRJgtmJUODgz0GYy90h23yRviakZe71yl9_qLDGjHj071QN20LucGBJIEps.3Y7Z7ETTPt0FcJL_3WHhXDz5YJUe9HAp3qA3pzkdYoM&dib_tag=se&keywords=drink+david+nutt&qid=1747172435&sprefix=drink+david+nutt%2Caps%2C176&sr=8-1 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Massive APPARENT reduction in excess deaths in 2023 as UK ONS change how they calculate excess deaths. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/causesofdeath/articles/estimatingexcessdeathsintheukmethodologychanges/latest OECD, UK https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=104676 Excess deaths in 2022, 52,514 (9.26%) OECD, UK, weeks 1 – 44, 2023 Excess deaths, 49,389 (9.44%) https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/office-for-health-improvement-and-disparities/about/statistics https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYmUwNmFhMjYtNGZhYS00NDk2LWFlMTAtOTg0OGNhNmFiNGM0IiwidCI6ImVlNGUxNDk5LTRhMzUtNGIyZS1hZDQ3LTVmM2NmOWRlODY2NiIsImMiOjh9 Early heart disease deaths rise to 14-year high https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/news-from-the-bhf/news-archive/2024/january/early-heart-disease-deaths-rise-to-14-year-high Over 100,000 excess deaths involving cardiovascular conditions in England since February 2020 Heart and circulatory diseases cause around a quarter of all deaths in England – over 140,000 deaths each year or one death every four minutes. In 2022 Over 39,000 people in England died prematurely of cardiovascular conditions, heart attacks, coronary heart disease and stroke, an average of 750 people each week. It is the highest annual total since 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Professor David Nutt, doctor, psychiatrist, neuropsychopharmacologist, addiction specialist, medical author and researcher. Leading expert on brain chemistry, the effects of alcohol, and the GABA system. Uploaded 03-06-25 This video is a clip from this full interview, https://studio.youtube.com/video/ocSPQp49DtQ/edit Link for Sentia drinks, https://sentiaspirits.com/ David founded SENTIA Spirits to achieve his vision of bringing safer, better choices to adult social drinkers. Link for Drink? UK link, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Drink-Science-Alcohol-Your-Health/dp/B07YX52JLR/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2CICWKTQ2JV3G&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.aJAoDtBh4cjOSqJe7adChK_tZ8CwQp9YPQgbUer7xKcLmQkqz0biMtFM8Y3SUkzDruAr8hJg8aYyAswq90VrTNa58iL58pFzQJncYJqifnXS3KB0vvalvEqbygogaLqs.G0fMPUA2osO5moD_aY8Vzk9joOSu5dyDJl-Vhk9EdYc&dib_tag=se&keywords=drink+david+nutt&qid=1747172137&sprefix=drink+david+nutt%2Caps%2C91&sr=8-1 US link, https://www.amazon.com/Drink-New-Science-Alcohol-Health/dp/030692384X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3JE2731TAQ8JO&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.mwR5QFRJgtmJUODgz0GYy90h23yRviakZe71yl9_qLDGjHj071QN20LucGBJIEps.3Y7Z7ETTPt0FcJL_3WHhXDz5YJUe9HAp3qA3pzkdYoM&dib_tag=se&keywords=drink+david+nutt&qid=1747172435&sprefix=drink+david+nutt%2Caps%2C176&sr=8-1 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Dr. David Grimes, consultant physician gives amazing information on the importance of immunity and vitamin D. Buy his inexpensive latest book here. https://yorkbookshop.com/health-and-personal-development/307-vitamin-d-deficiency-and-covid-19-its-central-role-in-a-world-pandemic.html Uploaded 15-01-24 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Data is excellent, as far as it goes .... Uploaded 13-04-22 African been planting, original video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKY1WllV4YA Check out the Africa medical channel for more great content, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzsLklGgOttU3Se-WGLp7ow Prevalence, week ending 2 April 2022 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights 7.60% in England (1 in 13 people) 7.59% in Wales (1 in 13 people) 6.21% in Northern Ireland (1 in 16 people) 7.54% in Scotland (1 in 13 people) People were more likely to test positive in the two weeks up to 26 March 2022 if they: had not previously been infected with COVID-19 travelled abroad in the last 28 days reported being of White ethnicity worked outside the home 2, 3 or 4 days a week had not been living in a multigenerational household were male were not impacted by a disability had not had contact with hospitals lived in less deprived areas Reinfections were 10 times higher in the Omicron variant period than in the Delta variant period Between 2 July 2020 and 20 March 2022, people were more likely to be reinfected if they: were unvaccinated had a "milder" primary infection with a lower viral load were younger lived in more deprived areas Self-reported long COVID As of 5 March 2022 1.7 million people, (2.7% of the population) 69% symptoms at least 12 weeks 45% at least one year Long symptoms Fatigue, 51% Shortness of breath, 34% Loss of smell, 28% Muscle ache, 24% Adversely affected the day-to-day activities of 67% Long covid, more common in Aged 35 to 49 years Females More deprived areas Working in social care, teaching and education, or health care Another activity-limiting health condition or disability. 1.0% primary school age, met all the criteria for long COVID, at some point since March 2020 2.7% secondary school age, met all the criteria for long COVID at some point since March 2020 Hospital admissions Admissions with covid and admissions for covid not differentiated Risk of death in omicron times 67% lower following an Omicron variant infection compared with the Delta variant No evidence of a change in the risk of death following COVID-19 vaccination in young people 12 weeks after vaccination, aged 12 to 29 years. COVID-19 mortality rates lowest for those with three vaccinations The risk of death involving COVID-19 in England has been consistently lower for people who had a third vaccine dose People who had received a second vaccine, had a higher risk of death involving COVID-19 if their second vaccine dose was over six months ago Antibodies Infected or vaccinated Antibodies above a 179 nanograms per millilitre (ng/ml) threshold 98.8% in England 98.8% in Wales 99.0% in Northern Ireland 98.9% in Scotland Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Presentation to the European Parliament October 15, 2025, launch of the MEHA initiative. Dr. Panagis Polykretis Make Europe Healthy Again site https://gomeha.com Dr. Polykretis warns the scientific community Systemic distribution to brain, heart. Triggers the immune system. European Medicines Agency (Feb. 2021) https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/comirnaty-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf?r=artikellink Page 47, (Feb. 2021) Over 48 hours, distribution was mainly observed to liver, adrenal glands, spleen and ovaries, with maximum concentrations observed at 8-48 hours post-dose. Role of the antigen presentation process in the immunization mechanism of the genetic vaccines against COVID-19 and the need for biodistribution evaluations (2022) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35298029/ The ‘traditional’ vaccines generally do not induce human cells to produce viral proteins, and thus, human cells do not expose viral antigens deriving from their proteosynthetic activity. On the contrary, the genetic vaccines against COVID‐19 induce human cells to produce the spike protein, relying intrinsically to an autoimmune reaction, extended to all the cells that intake the genetic material. https://panagispolykretis.substack.com/p/the-launch-of-the-make-europe-healthy https://x.com/newstart_2024/status/1981375686251069797?t=NnbtQBvA_EbgMJgCzZWThA&s=19 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
the medical people I interact with at the hospital are far more optimistic than I've seen them since this all began in April last year https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/disease-index-covid-19/surveillance-reports/daily-hospital-surveillance-datcov-report/ Nobody want's to tempt fate or speak to loudly just yet ,,,its like walking on egg shells at the moment – But there are open beds and they're not filling up just yet - in fact there are 2 more beds now than last weekend. Kind regards, Claire Dr. Anthony Fauci https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/omicron-five-times-more-likely-reinfect-than-delta-study-says-2021-12-17/ When you have a larger number of people getting infected, the total amount of hospitalizations is going to be more. That's just simple math Omicron and cold-like symptoms rapidly taking over in London https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/omicron-and-cold-like-symptoms-rapidly-taking-over-in-london Data up to 11th December 2021 https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/omicron-and-cold-like-symptoms-rapidly-taking-over-in-london In people with at least two doses in the UK Currently 27,000 new daily symptomatic cases An increase of 6% from 25,411 new daily cases last week London is currently seeing a rapid rise in positive cases Driven by omicron Prevalence in the UK One in 57 currently have symptomatic COVID ZOE’s predicted Long COVID incidence rate 1,418 people a day will go on to experience symptoms for longer than 12 weeks Omicron symptoms Initial analysis of symptom data from positive cases in London To compare Delta and Omicron symptoms London data was selected from a week in October With the most recent week ending 10th December This initial analysis found no clear differences in the early symptoms (3 days after test) between Delta and Omicron. The top five symptoms reported in the ZOE app runny nose headache fatigue (either mild or severe) sneezing sore throat SA Patients presentations Blocked or runny nose Headache Tiredness Scratchy or sore throat Body aches NHS official symptoms https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/symptoms/main-symptoms/ The main symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) are: a high temperature a new, continuous cough a loss or change to your sense of smell or taste Professor Tim Spector Omicron is set to be the dominant strain in the UK by Christmas, and in the New Year cases could hit a peak higher than anything we’ve ever seen before. Hopefully people now recognise the cold-like symptoms which appear to be the predominant feature of Omicron. Ahead of Christmas, if people want to get together and keep vulnerable family members safe, I’d recommend limiting social contact in the run up to Christmas, and doing a few Lateral Flow Tests just before the big family gathering. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Our world in data Uploaded 11-06-23 https://ourworldindata.org https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline https://ourworldindata.org/excess-mortality-covid Excess mortality is a term used in epidemiology and public health that refers to the number of deaths from all causes during a crisis above and beyond what we would have expected to see under ‘normal’ conditions Excess deaths = Reported deaths – Expected deaths https://ourworldindata.org/excess-mortality-covid#excess-mortality-our-data-sources The Human Mortality Database is maintained by a team of researchers based at the University of California, Berkeley, USA and the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic Uploaded 16-09-22 14th September 2022 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01585-9/fulltext https://covid19commission.org WHO response WHO acted too cautiously and too slowly Several important matters To warn about human transmissibility of the virus To declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern To support international travel protocols designed to slow the spread of the virus (This delay contributed to the spread of the virus and limited the possibilities for risk mitigation.) To endorse the public use of face masks as protective gear To recognise the airborne transmission of the virus. (These delayed and vague recommendations from WHO continued until late April, 2021.) Just 1 example, after receiving an open letter From 238 scientists in July, 2020, asking the organisation to address airborne transmission WHO did not change until April 30, 2021. Multiple failures of international cooperation Too many governments have failed to adhere to basic norms of institutional rationality and transparency, and the world's major powers have failed to collaborate to control the pandemic. Specific points Lack of timely notification of the initial outbreak of COVID-19 Costly delays in acknowledging the crucial airborne exposure pathway of SARS-CoV-2, and in implementing appropriate measures at national and global levels to slow the spread of the virus. Lack of coordination among countries regarding suppression strategies Failure of governments to examine evidence and adopt best practices for controlling the pandemic, and managing economic and social spillovers Shortfall of global funding for low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) Failure to ensure adequate global supplies and equitable distribution of key commodities, protective gear, diagnostics, medicines, medical devices, and vaccines Lack of timely, accurate, systematic data Infections, deaths, viral variants, health system responses, and indirect health consequences Again the report raised lab leak possibility Poor enforcement of appropriate levels of biosafety regulations in the lead-up to the pandemic, raising the possibility of a laboratory-related outbreak Failure to combat systematic disinformation Lack of global and national safety nets to protect populations experiencing vulnerability. As of May 31, 2022 There were 6·9 million reported deaths and 17·2 million estimated deaths from COVID-19 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation https://covid19.healthdata.org/global?view=cumulative-deaths&tab=trend This staggering death toll is both a profound tragedy and a massive global failure at multiple levels. Sustainable development process Set back by several years, Deep underfinancing, Sustainable Development Goals and, aims of the Paris Climate Agreement. Previous publications Lancet 2021 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02833-6/fulltext Lancet Jan 2022 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02871-3/fulltext https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01585-9/fulltext Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Dr. Melissa McCann is a general practitioner in Queensland, Australia Crowdfunding page- https://www.nomoresilenceau.com/campaigns/covid-vaccine-class-action-injuries/ The speech that caused all my Medical Board woes - https://rumble.com/v2bk5mw-dr-melissa-mccann-speech-covid-vaccines-and-effects-tour-sydney-australia-2.html A video summary of the class action claims- https://youtu.be/1i1RlGqKRlY?feature=shared The class action website including link to join – www.covidvaxclassaction.com.au Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monkeypox virus, seldom reported outside African until now, Uploaded 27-07-22 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2207323?emp=marcom&utm_source=nejmlist&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=aomev2&utm_content=version-a&ssotoken=U2FsdGVkX19dsxXEVZT5ggLZ3zieDxejeViMkwTigM4Q7ECfBTJmfTXUrKWkbZ3up0jDhhQjYR6OydzgkC%2F1LL8S5l7OuFDLsP2LiBwfKJ3ymNN4hp0Z%2FNASEYMuetIqeQIQ9ETL8BABCQut7e8xEQeWPlduFdyPMYgAugUePHtSEs5rFR%2BGWfFOCIPZs9Wb7aJf%2FyzhvvLSrzqDKmNt4Q%3D%3D&cid=DM1289135_Notable_Articles_Engaged&bid=1085207852 Endemic in Africa Cases now worldwide METHODS Formed an international collaborative group, international case series, presentation, clinical course, outcomes of PCR confirmed infections RESULTS We report 528 infections diagnosed between April 27 to June 24, 2022 Cases, 528, at 43 sites in 16 countries 98% in gay or bisexual men, 7 5% were White, 41% had HIV median age 38 Transmission suspected to have occurred through sexual activity 95% of cases Presentation in this series 95% rash (with 64% having less than 10 lesions) 73% anogenital lesions 41% had mucosal lesions (with 54 having a single genital lesion) Common systemic features preceding the rash fever (62%) lethargy (41%) myalgia (31%) headache (27%) lymphadenopathy (56%) Concomitant sexually transmitted infections 109 of 377 (29%) Among the 23 people with a clear exposure history median incubation period, 7 days (range, 3 to 20) Monkeypox virus DNA Detected in 29 of the 32 (in whom seminal fluid was analyzed) Management Antiviral treatment given to 5% of cases 70 (13%) were hospitalized Mostly for pain management severe anorectal pain (21) soft-tissue superinfection (18) pharyngitis limiting oral intake (5) eye lesions (2) acute kidney injury (2) myocarditis (2) infection-control purposes (13) No deaths were reported CONCLUSIONS Monkeypox manifested with a variety of dermatologic and systemic clinical findings. Need for rapid identification and diagnosis of cases to contain further community spread. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Detection of Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Human Breast Milk Uploaded 08-10-22 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2796427?guestAccessKey=1c13d17c-1c25-4828-b261-9f321e5126a1&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social_jamapeds&utm_term=7701881843&utm_campaign=article_alert&linkId=183092079 JAMA Pediatrics (September 26, 2022) Initial messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine clinical trials excluded several vulnerable groups, young children and lactating individuals Current FDA website, re children over 6 months https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-moderna-and-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccines-children Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized emergency use of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, for the prevention of COVID-19 to include use in children down to 6 months of age. From the JAMA paper The US Food and Drug Administration deferred the decision to authorize COVID-19 mRNA vaccines for infants younger than 6 months, until more data are available, because of the potential priming of the children’s immune responses that may alter their immunity The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, re breast feeding mothers https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.html COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all people 6 months and older. This includes people who are pregnant, breastfeeding, trying to get pregnant now, or might become pregnant in the future. Back to the JAMA study The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends offering the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to breastfeeding individuals although the possible passage of vaccine mRNAs in breast milk resulting in infants’ exposure at younger than 6 months was not investigated. This study investigated whether the COVID-19 vaccine mRNA can be detected in the expressed breast milk (EBM) of lactating individuals receiving the vaccination within 6 months after delivery. N =11 Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine (n = 5) Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (n = 6) Samples of EBM were collected before vaccination (control), and for 5 days postvaccination. 131 EBM samples were collected (1 hour to 5 days after vaccine administration) The presence of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA in different milk fractions assayed using 2-step quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Results Trace amounts of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were detected in 7 samples from 5 different participants, at various times up to 45 hours postvaccination No vaccine mRNA was detected in prevaccination Discussion The sporadic presence and trace quantities of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA detected in EBM suggest that breastfeeding after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is safe, particularly beyond 48 hours after vaccination. These data demonstrate for the first time the biodistribution of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA to mammary cells, and the potential ability of tissue EVs to package the vaccine mRNA that can be transported to distant cells. In rats https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168365915300535?via%3Dihub Up to 3 days following intramuscular administration, low vaccine mRNA levels were detected in the heart, lung, testis, and brain tissues, indicating tissue biodistribution Vaccine administration ---- lipid nanoparticles containing the vaccine mRNA ----- mammary glands (hematogenous and/or lymphatic routes) Vaccine mRNA released into mammary cell cytosol ---- recruited into developing EVs ------ secreted in EBM Caution is warranted about breastfeeding children younger than 6 months in the first 48 hours after maternal vaccination until more safety studies are conducted. COVID-19 medical misinformation policy https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9891785 Claims about COVID-19 vaccinat Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Bivalent new vaccine, Moderna press release Uploaded 19-08-22 https://investors.modernatx.com/news/news-details/2022/Moderna-Announces-Omicron-Containing-Bivalent-Booster-Candidate-mRNA-1273.214-Demonstrates-Superior-Antibody-Response-Against-Omicron/default.aspx Omicron-containing bivalent COVID booster candidate, mRNA-1273.214 (original mRNA-1273 vaccine), Superior neutralizing antibody response in baseline seronegative participants. increased neutralizing geometric mean titers (GMT) against Omicron approximately 8-fold above baseline levels. mRNA-1273.214 50 μg booster dose, well-tolerated in the 437 study participants The safety and reactogenicity profile of the mRNA-1273.214 50 μg booster dose was similar to that of mRNA-1273 50 μg BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England Technical briefing 44 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1093275/covid-technical-briefing-44-22-july-2022.pdf BA.2 3.4% BA.4 17.2% BA.5 78.7% Other 0.7% US variants https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions BA.5 88.8% BA.4 5.3% BA.4.6 5.1% BA.2.12.1 0.8% BA.2 0% BA.1s 0% Delta 0% Epidemiology of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA Vaccination by Vaccine Product, Schedule, and Interdose Interval Among Adolescents and Adults in Ontario, Canada https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793551 Population-based cohort study of 297 individuals in Ontario, Canada, with myocarditis or pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination, found higher rates of myocarditis or pericarditis associated with receipt of mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2 as a second dose, particularly among male individuals aged 18 to 24 years. The results suggest that there may be product-specific differences in rates of myocarditis or pericarditis after receiving mRNA vaccines First bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccine approved by UK medicines regulator https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-bivalent-covid-19-booster-vaccine-approved-by-uk-medicines-regulator Moderna bivalent approved for adult booster doses by MHRA Spikevax bivalent Original/Omicron 25 micrograms targets the original virus strain 25 micrograms targets Omicron Omicron (BA.1) and the original 2020 strain (was also found to generate a good immune response against BA.4 and BA.5) Safety monitoring side effects observed were the same as those seen for the original Moderna booster dose, and were typically mild and self-resolving, and no serious safety concerns were identified. Global covid deaths https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 6,466,947 Evidence cited by HMRA https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2822%2900320-6/fulltext Based on official reported COVID-19 deaths, we estimated that vaccinations prevented 14·4 million deaths from COVID-19 in 185 countries, between Dec 8, 2020, and Dec 8, 2021. 19·8 million when we used excess deaths as an estimate Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) updated statement on the COVID-19 vaccination programme for autumn 2022 For autumn 2022 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jcvi-updated-statement-on-the-covid-19-vaccination-programme-for-autumn-2022/joint-committee-on-vaccination-and-immunisation-jcvi-updated-statement-on-the-covid-19-vaccination-programme-for-autumn-2022 JCVI advises the following groups should be offered a COVID-19 booster vaccine: residents in a care home for older adults and staff working in care homes for older adults frontline health and social care workers all adults aged 50 years and over persons aged 5 to 49 years in a clinical risk group persons aged 5 to 49 years who are household contacts of people with immunosuppression persons aged 16 to 49 years who are carers Time to collect PROSPECT Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Confirmation of excess deaths in 2023 for US, UK, Canada, Australia, NZ, Netherlands, and Denmark. However, deaths are lower than expected in Poland, Hungary, and Sweden. Uploaded 24-09-23 OECD data https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=104676 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Viral replication is reduced in the lung tissue, but increased in the bronchi. This could indicate increased transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity. Link for free download of John's two text books, http://159.69.48.3/ Campbell's Pathophysiology Notes, Amazon orders for the UK, https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B012HWC8SU/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_AYC5Q7G3H2B3T4BCHQY0 Campbell's Physiology Notes https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0955379725/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_K0MXMAP26Y77TY4J90FB First video on my series on the respiratory system, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB2lA9sFCD0 HKUMed finds Omicron SARS-CoV-2 can infect faster and better than Delta in human bronchus https://researchnews.cc/news/10606/HKUMed-finds-Omicron-SARS-CoV-2-can-infect-faster-and-better-than-Delta-in-human-bronchus#.Yb8Nai-l2QV First information on how Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infect human respiratory tract. Omicron infects and multiplies 70 times faster than the Delta in human bronchus, which may explain why Omicron may transmit faster Omicron infection in the lung is significantly lower than the original SARS-CoV-2, which may be an indicator of lower disease severity. This research is currently under peer review for publication. Pioneered the use of ex vivo cultures of the respiratory tract, for investigating many emerging virus infections since 2007 Lung tissue removed for treatment of the lung Dr Chan and his team successfully isolated the Omicron SARS-CoV-2, and used this experimental to compare infection with the original and Delta variants 24 hours after infection Omicron variant replicated around 70 times higher than the Delta variant and the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. In contrast, the Omicron variant replicated less efficiently (more than 10 times lower) in the human lung tissue than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus, which may suggest lower severity of disease. Dr Chan It is important to note that the severity of disease in humans is not determined only by virus replication but also by the host immune response to the infection, which may lead to dysregulation of the innate immune system, i.e. “cytokine storm” It is also noted that, by infecting many more people, a very infectious virus may cause more severe disease and death even though the virus itself may be less pathogenic. Therefore, taken together with our recent studies showing that the Omicron variant can partially escape immunity from vaccines and past infection, the overall threat from Omicron variant is likely to be very significant. Koch's postulates The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease but should not be found in healthy organisms. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
UK case surge has started, R is 3 to 5 https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10316627/Covid-cases-hit-463-000-Christmas-Eve-3-population-isolation.html?ito=email_share_article-top Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital trust 10% off with Covid Chris Whitty Omicron wave, going to peak very quickly Infections doubling every 2 to 3 days NHS, reduction in supply and increase in demand more records would be broken Omicron as well as delta? https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-59664383 Number of omicron infections is rising very fast Delta cases are flat and that Delta is not going away, but being built on If doubling time is every 3 days Christmas Eve, cases + 462,704 Next few days, 2 million testing positive Forced into 10 days isolation Their contacts may also be symptomatic Testing capacity exceeded (Country currently averaging 790,000 PCR tests a day) Professor Andrew Hayward (SAGE) Outbreak spreading faster than tests can keep up If you think about getting a year's worth of rain over a month, then you're going to get flooding and potentially severe flooding, no matter how much you've shored up your defences Professor David Spiegelhalter (statistician) Reduced socialisation will slow spread down If it kept on this doubling every two days, you get to 11 million on Christmas Day, and the entire country on New Year's Eve Now, this is not sensible Millions of people are going to catch this over the next few weeks and months That we know that's going to happen It could be considerably better than last winter, it could be worse Zoe study https://covid.joinzoe.com/data#levels-over-time Official UK data https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/news/2021/modelling-potential-impact-omicron-england Actual in hospital data London in hospital data Majority of cases in London are Omicron https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/healthcare?areaType=nhsRegion&areaName=London South Africa now Cases are rising steeply in all provinces Cases in the 4th wave are higher than the peaks in all previous waves Hospitalisations and deaths are not currently following this trend and, are still relatively low Most admissions to hospitals are still for unvaccinated people Pfizer Boosters have been approved and can be given 6 months after full vaccination The first people will be eligible at the end of December https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/disease-index-covid-19/surveillance-reports/daily-hospital-surveillance-datcov-report/ https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/disease-index-covid-19/surveillance-reports/covid-19-special-reports/the-initial-and-daily-covid-19-effective-reproductive-number-in-south-africa/ Black dog I'm living in South Africa. The masses of our population live in townships and are unvaccinated. There are no masks or any social distancing ever since the "pandemic" started. The Elephant 🐘 is in the room and is being ignored. We're only 25-30% fully vaccinated. 16 seater minibus 🚐 taxis commute the masses of the people daily, no masks or social distancing. Hospitalizations and deaths are way lower than a year ago. Natural Immunity needs to come back to the discussion and needs to stop being downplayed or disregarded by the MSM. World Health Organization Omicron is spreading across the globe at an unprecedented rate https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-59656385 Dr Tedros Surely, we have learned by now that we underestimate this virus at our peril. Even if Omicron does cause less severe disease, the sheer number of cases could once again overwhelm unprepared health systems UK government response to vitamin D deficiency https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/people-at-higher-risk/free-vitamin-d-supplements-for-people-at-high-risk/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices