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Dr. John Campbell

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Hello Everyone, My name is John Campbell and I am a retired Nurse Teacher and former clinical nurse based in England. I also do some teaching in Asia and Africa when time permits. These videos are to help students to learn the background to all forms of health care. My PhD focused on the development of open learning resources for nurses nationally and internationally. LinkedIn profile, https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-john-campbell-5256223b/ Twitter, https://twitter.com/Johnincarlisle Disclaimer; These media including videos, book, e book, articles, podcasts are not peer-reviewed. They should never replace individual clinical judgement from your own health care provider. No media-based material on this channel is suitable for using as professional medical advice. All comments are also for educational purposed only and must never replace advice from your own health care provider

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  • October 19 · 25 min

    Paxlovid, evidence base?

    Paxlovid, it this an evidence based intervention in May 2022? Uploaded 04-05-22 Paper FDA EMU was based on https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2118542 EPIC-HR (Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients) 1120 patients received nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir 1126 received placebo Relative risk reduction Risk of progression to severe Covid-19, 89% lower than the risk with placebo Absolute risk reduction https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/what-paxlovids-absolute-and-relative-covid-19-risk-reduction 7% down to 1% symptomatic, unvaccinated, non hospitalized adults at high risk for progression to severe coronavirus disease 2019 July 16 and December 9, 2021 If vaccinated people and previously infected people are partly protected More people would need to be treated to prevent one adverse event Pfizer press release (5th November 2021) https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizers-novel-covid-19-oral-antiviral-treatment-candidate our oral antiviral candidate, … has the potential to save patients’ lives, reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections, and eliminate up to nine out of ten hospitalizations Pfizer Shares In Vitro Efficacy of Novel COVID-19 Oral Treatment Against Omicron Variant https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-vitro-efficacy-novel-covid-19-oral-treatment https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/12-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19 https://www.fda.gov/media/155051/download The results showed in all cases that nirmatrelvir was a potent inhibitor of its target. PAXLOVID™ for Post-Exposure Prophylactic Use https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-top-line-results-phase-23-epic-pep-study Evaluated data from 2,957 adults Pfizer observed risk reductions of 32% (5 day course) 37% reduction (10 day course) These results, however, were not statistically significant and, as such, the primary endpoint of reducing the risk of confirmed and symptomatic COVID-19 infection in adults who had been exposed to the virus through a household contact was not met. FACT SHEET FOR PATIENTS, PARENTS, AND CAREGIVERS EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA) OF PAXLOVID FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) https://www.fda.gov/media/155051/download PAXLOVID is not an FDA-approved medicine in the United States. PAXLOVID is an investigational medicine Some medicines may interact with PAXLOVID and may cause serious side effects. If you take too much PAXLOVID, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. Possible side effects of PAXLOVID are: Allergic Reactions trouble swallowing or breathing, swelling of the mouth, lips, or face, throat tightness, hoarseness, skin rash Liver Problems. Tell your healthcare provider right away, loss of appetite, yellowing of your skin and the whites of eyes (jaundice), dark-colored urine, pale colored stools and itchy skin, stomach area (abdominal) pain. Other possible side effects include: altered sense of taste, diarrhea, high blood pressure, muscle aches Dr. Ashish K. Jha, White House, Covid-19 coordinator The new White House Covid czar says avoiding all virus infections isn’t the goal of U.S. pandemic policy. Paxlovid, push to reach the vulnerable Doctors are too hesitant to prescribe the drug https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashish_Jha Senior Advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group https://www.politico.com/newsletters/transition-playbook/2021/03/23/the-blob-abides-492214 The firm advises clients on international policy and global markets Patrick Vallance From 2012 to 2018, he was President of Research and Development at global pharmaceutical company, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/09/23/revealed-sir-patrick-vallance-has-600000-shareholding-firm-contracted/ Cashed £ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 18 min

    Chinese vaccine contrasts

    Chinese and Western vaccines compared https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-63855508 Big changes, all of a sudden Live with the virus Vice-premier, Sun Chunlan China entering a new situation Virus ability to cause disease weakening Lifting most severe Covid policies End of quarantine camps People can isolate at home No more family separations Close contacts not taken to camps Strict ban on blocking fire exits No need to show tests for venues Less rules on internal travel Lateral flow tests to replace PCR tests in most areas Lockdowns continue in smaller more targeted areas Foreign travel soon Cases, 30,000 + Now Everyone will be exposed Will the medical system will be overwhelmed? National Health Commission All localities, focus on improving the vaccination rate of people aged 60-79, accelerating the vaccination rate of people aged 80 and above, and making special arrangements Prof Ivan Hung, Hong Kong University The main way for China to exit Covid with the least damage is via vaccination and three doses of vaccination is a must Hopefully before Chinese New Year (January 22) Rabbit Sinopharm Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know The vaccine is safe and effective for all individuals aged 18 and above. Individuals may choose to delay vaccination for 3 months following the infection. An inactivated vaccine with adjuvant (that is routinely used in many other vaccines) with a documented good safety profile, including in pregnant women. Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and efficacy against hospitalization 79% Does it prevent infection and transmission? No substantive data Does it work against new variants of SARS- CoV-2 virus? SAGE currently recommends using this vaccine Not yet been evaluated in the context of circulation of widespread variants of concern. How does this vaccine compare to other vaccines already in use? We cannot compare the vaccines head-to-head, (different approaches taken in designing the respective studies) but overall, all of the vaccines that have achieved WHO Emergency Use Listing, are highly effective in preventing severe disease and hospitalization due to COVID-19. Comparison with Western vaccines Pfizer original paper https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577 https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577/suppl_file/nejmoa2034577_appendix.pdf BNT162b2 was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19 Later analysis from Efficacy and effectiveness of covid-19 vaccine - absolute vs. relative risk reduction https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115787/ AAR, Pfizer, during the trial period, 0.84% AAR https://patient.info/news-and-features/calculating-absolute-risk-and-relative-risk Absolute risk of a disease is your risk of developing the disease over a time period. Five to six-months update, AAR BNT162b2 3.7% mRNA1273 (Moderna-NIH) 4.9% Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 1 hr 29 min

    Expired with Dr. Clare Craig

    COVID, the untold story. So much more makes sense after this book and my first illuminating discussion with Dr. Craig. Get your copy in the UK here: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Expired-untold-Dr-Clare-Craig/dp/1739344707 Uploaded 26-11-23 For friends in the US get your copy here, https://www.amazon.com/Expired-untold-Dr-Clare-Craig/dp/1739344707 Have you ever felt the covid story did not entirely add up? Expired contains multiple eye-opening revelations about covid with compelling evidence that provides a coherent, sober and clear explanation that better fits the data we have so far. Meticulous research by pathologist Dr Clare Craig sheds light on the largely overlooked evidence of airborne virus transmission, examining twelve related beliefs on spread, lockdowns, asymptomatic infections, and masks. In addition, Expired champions the importance of Western ethical principles, damaged by pandemic actions and calls for their restoration. The covid debate has proved incredibly polarising. One side believed every intervention was saving lives, while the other emphasised the harms caused. Biased modelling based on a worst-case scenario led to fearful assumptions presented as fact. By dint of sheer repetition these ‘facts’ became unquestionable. Those scientists who dared to question were proclaimed dangerous. Welcome to Cloud-Covid-Land. Let’s bring back nuance. It’s time to return to reality." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 12 min

    mRNA and pregnant women

    Advice is not based on clinical trial data Uploaded 04-06-25 A Study of mRNA-1283 Injection Compared With mRNA-1273 Injection in Participants ≥12 Years of Age to Prevent COVID-19 https://ctv.veeva.com/study/a-study-of-mrna-1283222-injection-compared-with-mrna-1273222-injection-in-participants-12-years-o Key Inclusion Criteria: For female participants of childbearing potential: negative pregnancy test, adequate contraception or has abstained from all activities that could result in pregnancy for at least 28 days prior to the first injection, and agreement to continue adequate contraception or abstinence through 90 days following the vaccine administration. In other words Pregnant or potentially pregnant women are excluded Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577 This report does not address the prevention of Covid-19 in other populations, such as younger adolescents, children, and pregnant women. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/pregnancy-and-covid-19/ It's strongly recommended that you get vaccinated against COVID-19 to protect you and your baby. https://www.rcog.org.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-pregnancy-and-women-s-health/vaccination/covid-19-vaccines-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding-faqs/ (updated on 20 October 2023) COVID-19 vaccines are strongly recommended in pregnancy. Vaccination is the best way to protect against the known risks of COVID-19 in pregnancy for both women and babies https://vaccineknowledge.ox.ac.uk/covid19-vaccines-in-pregnancy#Are-COVID-19-vaccines-recommended-for-pregnant-people COVID-19 vaccines are recommended during pregnancy due to an increased risk of serious illness and complications from COVID-19 in pregnant people, https://www.rcog.org.uk/media/0qune0d3/covid-19-infection-in-pregnancy-v161-final.pdf Vaccination in pregnancy against COVID-19 is strongly recommended 2025 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-vaccination-in-2025-and-spring-2026-jcvi-advice/jcvi-statement-on-covid-19-vaccination-in-2025-and-spring-2026 Pregnancy, neonates and young infants Recent data indicates that the risk of hospitalisation and/or mortality in pregnant individuals has significantly reduced in the Omicron period. Notably, there were no deaths in people who were pregnant in the last 18 months …. JCVI advised that it was highly unlikely that vaccination in pregnancy would be cost-effective. Exclusion of pregnant and lactating women from COVID-19 vaccine trials: a missed opportunity https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7989536/?utm_source=chatgpt.com The exclusion of pregnant and lactating women from COVID-19 vaccine trials reflects a historic pattern of ‘protection by exclusion’, representing an instance in which the estimated effect of a therapy on mother and child will rely on anecdotal and delayed reports from healthcare settings rather than the monitored setting of a clinical trial. This exclusion is not justified. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 16 min

    Good news at Easter

    Omicron wage generates large scale immunity Uploaded 15-04-22 https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---12-april-2022 Omicron 379, 278 sequences, 99.2% were Omicron less than 0.1% were Delta Omicron VOC Several descendent lineages under the Omicron VOC BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5 (Botswana and South Africa) Belgium, Denmark, Germany, United Kingdom BA.1/BA.2 recombinant forms, such as XE https://cov-lineages.org/lineage_list.html Highest new weekly deaths https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---12-april-2022 United States of America (3 682 new deaths; -9%) Republic of Korea (2 186 new deaths; -6%) Russian Federation (2 008 new deaths; -15%) Germany (1 686 new deaths; +6%) Brazil (1 120 new deaths; -22%). Africa (WHO) Cases, lowest since the pandemic began From a peak of more than 308,000 weekly cases, to fewer than 20,000 last week Cases down, 29% Deaths down, 37% (239 deaths for the week) No country in the region is currently seeing an increase of COVID-19 cases. Southern Hemisphere winter there is a high risk of another wave of new infections Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Africa director With the virus still circulating, the risk of new and potentially more deadly variants emerging remains, and the pandemic control measures are pivotal to effective response to a surge in infections Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreysus Repeated warnings that the coronavirus would devastate Africa Most African infections, asymptomatic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 26 min

    PCR severely mistaken

    A calibration of nucleic acid (PCR) by antibody (IgG) tests in Germany: the course of SARS-CoV-2 infections estimated https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/epidemiology/articles/10.3389/fepid.2025.1592629/full Germany, authority-accredited laboratories (ALM) Conducted 90% of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests (March 2020 until January 2023) AND Conducted serological mass tests for IgG antibodies, observed IgG seroprevalence trajectory. THEREFORE Test-positive fractions of PCR and IgG tests Value of 0.14 found for the fitted scaling parameter Therefore, 14% of those who were tested PCR-positively actually became infected with SARS-CoV-2. ALSO A quarter of the German population carried IgG antibodies from natural infections in their blood at the turn of the year from 2020 to 2021. Second, independent analysis Germany-specific ratio of 1:10 for ratio between one positive PCR test and the corresponding number of persons actually infected with SARS-CoV-2 Align well to perfectly with the IgG-positive fraction (92%) reported by the Robert Koch Institute at the end of 2021. More details Breaching the epithelial–mucosal barrier—“breach” meaning the invasion of a person’s organism by active viral material, it is common scientific terminology to say that “the person has become infected” Active viral material entering the mucus or epithelial cells may be bound and possibly already neutralized by IgA antibodies. In most infection cases, particularly when symptoms occur, IgG antibodies will also become detectable in the blood. The presence of IgG antibodies in the blood is representative of the body’s immunological memory of infections. IgG antibodies remained detectable for up to a year in at least 90% of naturally infected SARS-CoV-2-IgG-positive individuals PCR tests merely detect the presence of fragments of viral genetic material, not necessarily an active infection. Relationship between PCR and IgG results is crucial, since PCR-positive counts were widely interpreted as proxies for actual infections and served as the basis for public health policy decisions. Individuals whose PCR tests require CT values above 30 are commonly not to be considered infectious, whereas in practice, many tests were conducted with CT values up to 40 PCR assay produced positive results on water controls at cycle threshold (CT) values between 36 and 38 In short, a PCR test provides a snapshot of an individual’s current exposure to viral genetic material at the outermost layers of the body. Lancet, 2020 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600%2820%2930453-7/fulltext RT-PCR assays in the UK have analytical sensitivity and specificity of greater than 95% UK Government, 2020 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gos-impact-of-false-positives-and-negatives-3-june-2020/impact-of-false-positives-and-false-negatives-in-the-uks-covid-19-rt-pcr-testing-programme-3-june-2020 Examining data from published external quality assessments (EQAs) for RT-PCR assays for other RNA viruses carried out between 2004 to 2019 Results of 43 EQAs were examined, giving a median false positive rate of 2.3% New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2313517 Among 11,297 participants who performed 76,610 days of testing, 1.7% had at least one false positive rapid antigen test. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 34 min

    Childhood viral hepatitis – Vulnerabilities and the Chickenpox (Varicella) Vaccine

    Thank you Rachel and Tom Barker for sharing your daughters recent illness and treatment, together with the need for chicken pox vaccinations. We all wish Clara and yourselvs the best possible outcomes. Uploaded 10-10-22 Summary of the USA status on Chickenpox (Varicella) and the benefits of the vaccine - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Chickenpox (Varicella) in the United States - https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/index.html Summary of the need for representative Chickenpox (Varicella) modelling in the UK- https://www.ox.ac.uk/research/everything-you-need-know-about-chickenpox-and-why-more-countries-don%E2%80%99t-use-vaccine Planning for new Chickenpox (Varicella) Vaccine modelling - The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) Minutes - https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/joint-committee-on-vaccination-and-immunisation#minutes Chickenpox (Varicella) key facts - Oxford University - Chickenpox (Varicella) Vaccine - https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/chickenpox-varicella-vaccine Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 20 min

    The Nuremberg Code

    On human experiments, (1947). Doctors on trial, for crimes against humanity. Uploaded 13-09-23 https://research.unc.edu/human-research-ethics/resources/ccm3_019064/ https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-nuremberg-code https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nazi-medical-experiments Medical Case: US prosecutor details illegal experiments In case you want to support our community work use the following: https://www.justgiving.com/crowdfunding/buwanga-mill?utm_term=gmbP2vbY3 https://www.buymeacoffee.com/awmedicalvideos patreon:https://www.patreon.com/awmedicalvideos Link to our organization's website: https://buwanga.org/ Donate: SENDWAVE/ WorldRemit / Wise transfer/Money Gram Mobile money number:+256785698803 Country: Uganda Registered name: Wefwafwa Andrew State: Eastern Uganda Address: Nkokojjeru Zip code:0000 Wallet Service provider:MTNE To contact Wefwafwa directly, wefandrew@gmail.com or WhatsApp+256756320736 Medical professionals on trial, after war for war crimes and crimes against humanity Including experiments on prisoners in the camp system. Doctors and nurses, participated in the killing of physically and mentally impaired Germans German doctors argued "Doctors Trial." 1946 Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10. Nuremberg October 1946 – April 1949 Their experiments differed little from those conducted before the war by German and American scientists. No international law or informal statement differentiated between legal and illegal human experimentation. “Permissible Medical Experiments.” Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office (n.d.), vol. 2., pp. 181-182. One The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion, and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. Before the acceptance of an affirmative decision, subject should know the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity. Two The experiment should yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods, and not random and unnecessary in nature. Three The experiment should be based on the results of animal experimentation, a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem, the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment. Four The experiment should avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury. Five No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects. Six The degree of risk should never exceed, that determined by the humanitarian importance, of the problem to be solved by the experiment. Seven Proper preparations should be made, and adequate facilities provided, to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury disability or death. Eight The experiment should be con Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 36 min

    Omicron reigns in US

    Omicron, US, 75% of cases, but what will this mean, is it good or bad Wefwafwa’s Medical videos channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzsLklGgOttU3Se-WGLp7ow In case you want to support our community outreach programs please Use, (all donations go directly to the Uganda) patreon:https://www.patreon.com/awmedicalvideos Donate: SENDWAVE/ WorldRemit/Wise transfer/money Gram Mobile money number:+256785698803 Country: Uganda Registered name : Wefwafwa Andrew State: Eastern uganda Zip code:0000 Wallet Service provider:MTN City: Mbale city email me when you send on wefandrew@gmail.com US cases https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailycases US, in hospital https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#hospitalizations Omicron in the United States https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/omicron-variant.html We don’t yet know how easily it spreads, Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling, Operational https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/spi-m-o-consensus-statement-on-covid-19-15-december-2021/spi-m-o-consensus-statement-on-covid-19-15-december-2021 Omicron doubling time of around 2 days. Report 49 - Growth, population distribution and immune escape of Omicron in England https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-49-Omicron/ Omicron, a 5.41 fold higher risk of reinfection compared with Delta. the severity of illness it causes, Omicron and cold-like symptoms rapidly taking over in London https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/omicron-and-cold-like-symptoms-rapidly-taking-over-in-london https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/omicron-and-cold-like-symptoms-rapidly-taking-over-in-london The top five symptoms reported in the ZOE app runny nose headache fatigue (either mild or severe) sneezing sore throat SA Patients presentations Blocked or runny nose Headache Tiredness Scratchy or sore throat Body aches or how well available vaccines and medications work against it. https://www.discovery.co.za/corporate/news-room https://www.discovery.co.za/corporate/news-room Two doses of the Pfizer 33% protection against infection with omicron, relative to the unvaccinated (down from 80% protection against infection with delta) 70% protection against hospital admission in omicron infection, relative to the unvaccinated (down from 93% protection with delta) US, Omicron growth https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions UK, Omicron, UK data https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1043089/20211221_OS_Daily_Omicron_Overview.pdf UK confirmed omicron cases, + 15,363 = 60,508 SGTF confirmed cases, + 18,656 = 143,242 In UK hospitals and omicron diagnoses, 133 UK Omicron deaths, 14 UK data https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-omicron-daily-overview https://covid.joinzoe.com/data#levels-over-time SA data https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/disease-index-covid-19/surveillance-reports/daily-hospital-surveillance-datcov-report/ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/covid-19-hospitalisations-fall-sharply-south-africa/ Gauteng cases + 10,000 + 8,000 Professor Tom Moultrie, demographer, University of Cape Town It really does seem as if…my country will escape relatively unscathed in this wave What if South Africa's ‘light escape’…is because we ‘bought’ that present at horrendous cost during past waves Johannesburg and Pretoria workers going home by minibus Limit of 22 passengers Africa Could go one of two ways Omicron spreading, Eastern, Western, Central and Southern Africa. Kenya, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, Malawi, Zambia Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 12 min

    Genetic vaccine inadequacies

    With Professor Robert Clancy. This is part 1, still editing the next parts.... Link to but the book, https://covidthroughoureyes.com.au/products/covid-through-our-eyes-an-australian-story-of-mistakes-mistreatment-and-misinformation First part of this excellent talk with Professor Robert Clancy, doctor, immunologist, consultant physician, professor of pathology and professor of medicine, highly published medical researcher, author, teacher, doctor of science, doctor of philosophy, holder of the Australia Medal. Letters from Australia is Alison Bevege's Substack, https://lettersfromaustralia.substack.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 16 min

    Menstruation changes

    Unexpected vaginal bleeding and COVID-19 vaccination in nonmenstruating women Uploaded 28-09-23 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37738335/ Altered bleeding pattern after COVID-19 vaccination has been frequently addressed among menstruating women Menstrual abnormalities after COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9294036/ A total of 78, 138 vaccinated women (14 studies). 39, 759 (52.05%) had some form of a menstrual problem after vaccination. 22nd September 2023 The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaginal bleeding, among nonmenstruating women is not well studied. Menorrhagia, increased bleeding during period Metrorrhagia, Irregular bleeds / between menstrual periods. Polymenorrhea, less than 21 day cycles, therefore more frequent periods Several cohorts followed throughout the pandemic Systematic data collection of self-reporting. Percentages of unexpected vaginal bleeding (During a period of 8 to 9 months) 50% happened within 28 days of vaccination. 7,725 postmenopausal women, 3.3% 7,148 perimenopausal women, 14.1% 7,052 premenopausal women, 13.1% In postmenopausal women The risk of unexpected vaginal bleeding, in the 4 weeks after vaccination, was increased two to threefold, compared to a prevaccination period. https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/16/ELOCATOR/e187494452305083/FULLTEXT/ 11.1% and 37.5% experienced menstrual symptoms In nonmenstruating perimenopausal and premenopausal women Risk of unexpected (breakthrough) vaginal bleeding after vaccination Increased three to fivefold In premenopausal women Spikevax was associated with at 32% increased risk as compared to Comirnaty. More detail Reports since December 2020, menstrual disturbances at frequencies not seen in previous vaccination campaigns Such events were not addressed in the preceding clinical vaccine trials European Medicines Agency Recently updated product information of the mRNA vaccines, to include heavy menstrual bleeding as a potential side effect. PMB can be a symptom of endometrial carcinoma and precancerous lesions Women with PMB should be referred for specialized gynecological examination Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 13 min

    Difficult watch from Uganda

    The flood footage on this video has been verified as recorded locally in and around Mbale in Uganda on Sunday 31st July 2022. Other recordings were made on Monday 1st August 2022 in the same area. Uploaded 02-08-22 Link to video on Wefwafa’s channel, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-DIfidWThU&t=34s To contact Wefwafwa directly, wefandrew@gmail.com or WhatsApp+256756320736 To donate to this community health project, (Just now our admin percentage is zero) Buy me a coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/awmedicalvideos Patreon https://www.patreon.com/awmedicalvideos Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 20 min

    Mind and meds

    This interview with Professor Nutt is for educational and discussion purposed only. Professor David Nutt is a leading doctor, psychiatrist, psychopharmacologist, researcher, author and communicator. Here we talk about the coming second psychedelic revolution in psychiatric medicine. Based on David’s latest book on the subject, ‘Psychedelics’ written for everyone and reasonably priced, check it out, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Psychedelics-Revolutionary-Drugs-Change-Expert/dp/B0C2ZYXCCB/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3ELAL1TTCN6WB&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.wtmpP1gZgeXLB_XhhebihMmiIT96rT4URSV40XbpgwkXlewitdGosFNOdYTGXMcXJHSqU1sipPl1kcwMw5o22r59OC0v7q03iidZVDeMqnk.7TOG1W3VAgyrLtjRy_l8TGKlpDSenjj3q43_MKpIYI4&dib_tag=se&keywords=psychedelic+nutt&qid=1741823081&sprefix=psychedelic+nutt%2Caps%2C101&sr=8-1 Uploaded 14-04-25 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 23 min

    Covid autoimmunity

    Covid toe, caused by the immune response to the virus, not the virus itself Uploaded 08-10-21 https://covidskinsigns.com https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjd.20707 Objectives To study skin and blood endothelial and immune system activation In chilblain-like lesions (CLL), CLL in comparison with healthy controls and seasonal chilblains (SC) (cold-induced sporadic chilblains occurring during 2015 and 2019) Methods Observational study Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France N = 50 Cytokine assays Assessment of interferon-stimulated gene expression in whole blood Soluble markers of endothelial activation and/or angiogenesis Histological examinations Lateral flow spike assay Circulating endothelial cell counting Statistical analysis Results Histological patterns were similar in CLL and SC groups Transcriptomic signatures overlapped in both the CLL and SC groups Type I interferon Cytotoxic–natural killer gene signature CLL were characterized by higher IgA tissue deposition More complement and angiogenesis factors in CLL compared with SC Autoimmune vasculitis Confirmed endothelial dysfunction in CLL Microangiopathy leading to clinical chilblains Disrupt the thrombo-protective state of endothelial cells Likely contributing to microvascular thrombosis Systemic endothelial activation? The PT ratio and aPTT were normal in all patients Only three patients (6%) had a moderate increase in D-dimer levels Conclusions Inflammation in the skin in CLL Associated with endothelial alteration Immune infiltration of cytotoxic and type I IFN-leading to clinical manifestations https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-58801462 UK podiatrist Dr Ivan Bristow like the regular chilblains typically seen during cold spells and in people who have problems with circulation - the lesions usually go away on their own. But some may need treatment with creams and other drugs. The confirmation of the cause will help to develop new treatments to manage it more effectively Dr Veronique Bataille, consultant dermatologist, British Skin Foundation Covid toe was seen very frequently during the early phase of the pandemic, but has been less common in the current Delta variant wave. That might be down to more people being vaccinated or having some protection against Covid from past infections. Presentations after vaccination are much rarer Delayed presentation my mean link is missed Free download my two comprehensive but free educational text books (over 50,000 downloads so far) or make a donation to the campbellteaching project using this link: http://159.69.48.3 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 15 min

    Vaccine adverse events, German data

    Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines, German transparent report Uploaded 03-08-22 https://www.pei.de/EN/newsroom/dossier/coronavirus/medicine-safety.html Reports received between 27 December 2020 (start of the vaccination campaign in Germany) and 31 March 2022. A total of 172,062,925 COVID-19 vaccinations in Germany 296,233 reports of suspected adverse events Overall reporting rate for all vaccines 1.7 reports per 1,000 doses of vaccine (0.17%) Reporting rate for serious adverse events 0.2 reports per 1,000 doses of vaccine (0.02%) (one per 5,000 doses of vaccine) 6.4. Definitions Adverse events are noxious and unintended reactions to the medicinal product. 73.3% of vaccine doses Pfizer, (Comirnaty) 17.1% were Moderna (Spikevax) 7.4% were AstraZeneca AB (Vaxzevria) 2.1% were COVID-19 Janssen (now called Jcovden) 0.1% were Novavax (Nuvaxovid) Reporting rate after booster vaccinations Pfizer (Comirnaty) or Moderna (Spikevax) was lower than after primary immunisation. The Paul-Ehrlich-Institut will closely monitor and continue to investigate cases of, myocarditis/pericarditis thrombosis immunologically mediated adverse events such as immune thrombocytopenia, occurring after administration of the approved vaccines. Full detailed report https://www.pei.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/newsroom-en/dossiers/safety-reports/safety-report-27-december-2020-31-march-2022.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=8 Germany, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, authority responsible for monitoring the safety of vaccines and biomedicines. Institute’s Division Pharmacovigilance collects and reviews reports on adverse drug effects, takes the necessary steps if required. Reporting suspected cases of adverse effects is a central pillar for being able to judge the safety of medicines. New signals can be detected in a timely manner, and the risk/benefit profile of vaccines can be continuously monitored. Even reactions with a timely relation to a vaccine do not necessarily have a causal relation. Safety Reports Open communication of risks, including potential ones, is a prerequisite for a high acceptance rate for vaccines among the population. The benefit of the COVID-19 vaccination for the health of individuals and the population as well as their effect in combating the pandemic essentially depends on, Confidence in the vaccination is essential to get benefits of the vaccine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut publishes continuously all suspected cases reported in Germany, on adverse effects or vaccination complications, in a temporal relationship with the COVID-19 vaccination. Reporting Portal for Suspected Cases of Adverse Effects Healthcare providers Marketing authorisation holder Persons vaccinated or relatives. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 23 min

    Omicron positive news

    Omicron, Guess work so far More transmissibility Some vaccine escape Some natural infection escape Causing reinfections in SA in people that had had infection and vaccination Mostly mild symptoms in the vaccinated Effecting younger people Sinovac recipients may do well Global within the week Lateral flow tests still work Every vaccinated and unvaccinated person will encounter this variant Tiredness, headache, body aches, scratchy throat, dry cough Netherlands https://www.dw.com/en/omicron-present-in-netherlands-earlier-than-thought-say-health-authorities/a-59977047 Omicron present at least a week Before 13 (out of 61) passengers from South Africa found to be omicron positive National Institute for Public Health (RIVM) https://www.rivm.nl/en November 19th and 23rd Omicron variant in two test samples (South Africa announced they had identified omicron November 26th) (First Belgium case, 24th November) (Botswana on November 11th) It is not yet clear whether the people concerned (in the earlier cases) had also been to southern Africa Tracking down some 5,000 passengers from South Africa, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe Michael Hoelscher, Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich University Hospital We're finding an increasing number of variant cases all around Europe, and in fact we believe that the introduction of those variants has been ongoing for a few weeks already What we are also seeing is that there are now first cases of community transmission, so it's within Europe, and the travel bans will probably delay the spread of the disease a little bit but will not be able to hold it up US President Biden Cause for concern not a cause for panic Get boosted No new US lockdown Sequencing 80,000 samples per week Moderna No tweaked vaccine until 2022 Endemic with yearly vaccines UK 13 England, 9 Scotland omicron cases All 5 English cases linked to southern Africa Scotland Nine omicron cases so far Scotland Chief Medical Officer Gregor Smith Not aware of anyone dying of the omicron variant as of yet Boosting boosters https://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/index.html Prime Minister, throw everything at it Next Thursday Finished by end of Jan, next 2 months Sites all over the place Boosters to all over 18 Gap between 2nd dose and boosters, cut to three months From December 1, doctors, £15 per jab £20 for Sunday and Bank Holiday 400 soldiers will help The best thing to happen? https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10253611/Could-Omicron-GOOD-news-Variant-speed-end-pandemic-causes-mild-illness.html Professor Karl Lauterbach, clinical epidemiologist (Germany's next health minister) Could mean omicron it is optimised to infect, in line with how most respiratory viruses evolve Professor Paul Hunter The theory may prove to be true ? levels of protection from previous infection in SA High levels of previous infection and vaccination, offering protection Franco Locatelli, president of Italy's Higher Health Council Not overly concerned by the new variant May be more contagious but it is not more dangerous than other strains The time it took to become predominant was much less compared to other variants But we don't have any evidence to suggest it can provoke more serious illness or evade the protective effect of vaccines in a major way Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 18 min

    When to be exposed

    Decline in personal immunity https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-statement-on-booster-doses-of-pfizer-and-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines Dr June Raine, MHRA Chief Executive Uploaded 13-09-21 We know that a person’s immunity may decline over time after their first vaccine course. I am pleased to confirm that the COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and AstraZeneca can be used as safe and effective booster doses. It will now be for the JVCI to advise on whether booster jabs will be given and if so, which vaccines should be used. UK, Joint Committee for Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-medicine-regulator-says-pfizer-astrazeneca-covid-19-shots-may-be-used-2021-09-09/ Discussing whether booster shots for the elderly and vulnerable are needed Could be end of September Final decision with UK government Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021 https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/09/10/moderna-most-effective-covid-vaccine-studies/ https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7037e1.htm?s_cid=mm7037e1_w https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0818-covid-19-booster-shots.html Based on our latest assessment, the current protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout. For that reason, we conclude that a booster shot will be needed to maximize vaccine-induced protection and prolong its durability. We are prepared to offer booster shots for all Americans beginning the week of September 20 and starting 8 months after an individual’s second dose. We also anticipate booster shots will likely be needed for people who received the Johnson and Johnson (J and J) vaccine. Pandemic Institute, Liverpool Seven authorities and institutions Some Innova funding https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/12/uk-vaccine-volunteers-to-help-prepare-for-next-virus-at-new-pandemic-institute Aims to prevent future pandemics Accelerating vaccine development Human challenge facility High containment facility outside hospital, which will speed up the process We could have had first wave trials Professor Daniela Ferreira, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine If vaccine candidates could have been tested during the first wave of infections, the jabs would have been ready months earlier Here in Liverpool I led one of the sites for phase 3 of the Oxford vaccine study We were able to set up really quickly. When the government implemented a national lockdown, the number of cases plummeted. We were expecting to have the vaccine study results in three months but it took much longer because there was less community transmission Building a database of diseases affecting animals trying to work out which might be most likely to jump the species barrier 1,500 species of bat alone Professor Matthew Baylis of Liverpool University What I hope is that in 10 years’ time, we’re able to be much more precise as to which species we need to be looking at, and actually look at some of those species to confirm our predictions it appears to have these properties, it could be transmitted this way, it could cause this type of disease Also, WHO Opened the Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence in Berlin French government launched Prezode, an international initiative focusing on zoonotic diseases Rockefeller Foundation is creating a Pandemic Prevention Institute in the US Professor Baylis Intends to set up three hubs in east, west and southern Africa to work with local researchers Learning from Denmark https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/denmark-ends-covid-restrictions/2021/09/10/6d6a762e-1210-11ec-baca-86b144fc8a2d_story.html Since Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 26 min

    Pandemic changing age profiles

    Burden and characteristics of COVID-19 in the United States during 2020 Uploaded 09-09-21 Columbia University and NIH, Director Francis S. Collins, Nature https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34438440/#affiliation-3 United States, 2020, highest numbers of reported cases and deaths In the light of later antibody studies March 11.3% December, 24.5% Population susceptibility at year's end was 69.0% So, 31% of population had been exposed (100 million people) Prevalence rates rose above 0.8% by end of 2020 As high as 2.4% in some major metropolitan areas Infection fatality rate fell to 0.3% by end of 2020 https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/children-and-covid-19-state-level-data-report/ As of September 2 5,049,465 children have tested positive 252,000 cases were added the past week Largest number of child cases in a week ever Since the pandemic began, children, 15.1% of total cumulated cases Week ending September 2nd, 26.8% of reported weekly COVID-19 cases 2,400 children were hospitalized nationwide (highest in pandemic) Hospitalizations (24 states and NYC reported) Children ranged from 1.6%-4.1% of total cumulated hospitalizations 0.1%-1.9% of all their child COVID-19 cases resulted in hospitalization Mortality (45 states) Children were 0.00%-0.27% of all COVID-19 deaths (7 states reported zero child deaths) 0.00%-0.03% of all child COVID-19 cases resulted in death Vaccination in children Half of children ages 12 to 15 have received at least one vaccine dose 58 percent for 16- and 17-year-olds Anthony Fauci, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases We’ve got to get the school system masked, in addition to surrounding the children with vaccinated people That’s the solution Los Angeles mandates today Soon mandate vaccination for school attendance 600,000 would have to get their first shot by Oct. 3 Second shot by the end of October (LA counts since last month) Direct link to vote, https://www.youtube.com/c/Campbellteaching/community Pascal Soriot, AstraZeneca chief executive on Booster doses https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/09/07/covid-booster-jab-campaign-may-not-needed-says-astra-boss/ UK is still "a few weeks away" from being able to decide Moving too quickly to boost across the entire adult population will deprive us of these insights, leaving this important decision to rest on limited data NHS resource implications Nadhim Zahawi NHS is ‘ready to go’ Philip Dormitzer, Pfizer’s chief scientific officer Encouraged booster shots Dismissed criticism that his company should have produced a more potent vaccine Professor Sarah Gilbert https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/creator-oxford-vaccine-sarah-gilbert-warns-vulnerable-will-have-shield-covid-19-cases-rise-1096315 UK, 3.8 million people classed as clinically extremely vulnerable In people who have been vaccinated and have had the two doses, they will be well protected against disease that is severe enough to put them in hospital and against death And there are unfortunately some people with particular health conditions that mean they just don’t respond to a vaccine and they are going to have to make sure that they are protected, probably by shielding again, if there is a lot of spread of the virus https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-shielding-and-protecting-extremely-vulnerable-persons-from-covid-19/guidance-on-shielding-and-protecting-extremely-vulnerable-persons-from-covid-19 we are advising clinically extremely vulnerable people, as a minimum, to follow the same guidance as everyone else you may wish to think particularly carefully about additional precautions you might wish to continue to take Sweden Removing all remaining restrictions by the end of this month Vietnam Health Ministry, offering Pfizer-BioNTech as a second-dose Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 12 min

    WHO debate, UK Parliament

    Mr. Philip Davies. Link to poorly attended UK Parliament debate on the International Health Regulations, Westminster Hall, Monday 18th December 2023, https://parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/5e1f14d2-72b3-488f-a53c-fc94fee92dac Uploaded 19-12-23 Full transcript https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2023-12-18/debates/945EBBB4-D052-4CF7-8109-B39FF7FF919D/InternationalHealthRegulations2005 I also thank the 116,391 people who signed the petition, including 189 of my Shipley constituents, which helped secure this important debate. In preparing for today’s debate, I looked back at the contributions made in April when another petition on this topic was debated here in Westminster Hall, as the hon. Member mentioned in her opening remarks. I have to say that I was disappointed by some of the rhetoric, when valid concerns were dismissed as an “overreaction and hysteria”. It is clear that this is—quite rightly, in my opinion—an important issue for the public. We can see that that is the case from not just the full Gallery, but the large numbers signing the petitions. So what are we dealing with here? We have two international legal instruments, both designed to increase the WHO’s authority in managing health emergencies. The first concerns the amendments to the existing International Health Regulations 2005—the IHR—and the second is the World Health Organisation’s new pandemic treaty, which would support the bureaucracy and financing of the expanded IHR. Both instruments are designed to transfer decision-making powers to the World Health Organisation, with the admirable aim, no doubt, of improving how the world prevents and better prepares for disease outbreaks. However, in practice, what is being proposed could have a huge and detrimental impact on all parts of society and on our sovereignty. If the IHR amendments go through, countries will have undertaken to follow recommendations, not merely consider them: it is proposed to remove the word “non-binding” from article 1, while the regulations in article 42 are to be “initiated and completed without delay” by member states. Therefore, we can only assume that the intention behind the amendments is for them to be binding under international law. I do not wish to over-egg the nature of the proposals, but I cannot help but be concerned by the thought of removing the word “non-binding”. There is much in the existing IHR that would suspend fundamental human and bioethical rights, such as requirements for vaccinations and medical examinations, and implementing quarantine or other health measures for suspect persons—in other words, mandates and lockdowns. It is all there in black and white under article 18. We may have become only too mindful of the harms of lockdowns, and I am sure that hon. Members will be aware of the latest findings published by the Centre for Social Justice about the harms caused by lockdowns. That is not to mention the non-existent science used to enforce wearing a face mask—the covid inquiry has also uncovered the fact that that was based on absolutely no science whatsoever. At the debate in April, we were told by the then Minister that it is “simply not the case” that “the instrument will undermine UK sovereignty and give WHO powers over national public health measures”.—[Official Report, 17 April 2023; Vol. 731, c. 34WH.] I think it is worth revisiting this question, because I am not clear how national and parliamentary sovereignty can be upheld if the proposals are agreed. I draw attention to draft new article 13A, which calls for member states to “undertake to follow WHO’s recommendations” and to recognise the World Health Organisation not as an organisation under the control of countries, but rather as the “coordinating authority of international public health response during public health Emergency of International Concern”. Learn more about your ad choic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • October 19 · 30 min

    Ivermectin fulfills Bradford Hill

    With Professor Colleen Aldous Critical appraisal of multidrug therapy in the ambulatory management of patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemia Part II: Causal inference using the Bradford Hill criteria Uploaded 02-05-25 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/antibiotics/78/1/78_35/_pdf/-char/en We continue the critical appraisal of three published case series of 119 COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia, treated in the United States, Zimbabwe, and Nigeria with similar ivermectin-based multidrug treatments, to assess the available evidence supporting a causal relationship between treatment and reduction in hospitalizations and mortality. A narrative review was conducted to assess the Bradford Hill criteria for a causal association. We used a previously proposed refinement of the Bradford Hill criteria that reorganized them into three categories of direct, mechanistic, and parallel evidence. The efficacy of the two most aggressive ivermectin-based multidrug protocols is supported by the Bradford Hill criteria for temporality, strength of association, biological gradient, biological plausibility, coherence, consistency, and analogy. The causal relation between the treatment of hypoxemic COVID-19 patients using these protocols and the reduction in hospitalizations and mortality is supported as an inference to the best explanation. Critical appraisal of multidrug therapy in the ambulatory management of patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemia Part I. Evidence supporting the strength of association https://faculty.utrgv.edu/eleftherios.gkioulekas/papers/032-c19-ivm-oxygen.pdf On March 11, 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. Worldwide, 768,187,096 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 6,945,714 deaths have been reported to the WHO as of June 21 2023, amounting to an average Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 0.9% [2]. During 2020, while several governments and public health agencies were focused on contagion control and in-hospital patient care, several medical doctors from all around the world innovated and discovered early outpatient multidrug treatments using several repurposed medications in combination [3–15]. In the United States, several independent efforts coalesced into the formulation of a sequenced multidrug protocol [10, Fig. 3] (hereafter, McCullough protocol), which is based on the pathophysiological understanding of COVID-19 as a triphasic illness with three overlapping phases: (1) viral proliferation; (2) hyperinflammatory cytokine storm (COVID-19 pneumonia); and (3) thrombosis. McCullough’s protocol proposed a combination antiviral therapy for treating the viral proliferation phase, immunomodulators for treating the cytokine storm, and antiplatelet agents and antithrombotics for handling the thrombotic stage, based on risk stratification and how the disease presents in each individual patient. Thus, the McCullough protocol is an algorithmic treatment using sequenced multiple drugs in combination and customized to the individual patient and their response to treatment; no single drug is necessary nor sufficient to achieve treatment efficacy towards reducing hospitalizations and deaths. A recently published update of the McCullough protocol [16, Fig. 3] introduced some adjustments including virucidal nasal washes and oral gargles [17–24]. A large case series of 869 high-risk patients [25, 26], who were treated using an early version of the McCullough protocol, has been compared against population-level and historical controls [27], showing the existence of efficacy with respect to the reduction of mortality and hospitalizations, which is also resilient with respect to random selection bias, provided that patients are treated early enough within the first 3 to 5 days from the onset of illnes Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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