The VSL Aviation Podcast

CFI ACS Task D Explained: Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing | FOI Series Ep. 4

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, we continue our deep dive into the Flight Instructor Airman Certification Standards (CFI ACS) with Area of Operation I, Task D: Student Evaluation, Assessment, and Testing. As a flight instructor, evaluating a learner's performance involves much more than determining whether they can perform a maneuver or pass a written exam. Effective assessment requires instructors to recognize different levels of learning, provide constructive feedback, develop meaningful scenarios, and determine whether their students are prepared to operate safely and independently. Using Chapter 6 of the FAA Aviation Instructor's Handbook, we'll examine traditional and authentic assessments, learner-centered grading, risk management evaluation, effective critiques, oral questioning techniques, and practical test recommendations. Throughout the episode, I'll share examples from my experience as an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE) and military instructor pilot, including how I evaluate applicants and what instructors can do to better prepare their students for practical tests. Whether you're preparing for your initial CFI checkride or you're an experienced instructor looking to improve your teaching and evaluation techniques, this episode will help you develop a more effective approach to student assessment. **Resources:** VSL Aviation: https://vsl.aero VSL ACE Guide: Available through the VSL Aviation website. Join our free aviation Discord community: https://discord.gg/jnATgUFRdk **Topics covered: - Traditional vs. authentic assessment - Characteristics of effective assessment - Learner-centered assessment and self-evaluation - Maneuver and risk management grading - Criterion-referenced assessment - Types and purposes of critiques - Effective oral questioning techniques - Questions instructors should avoid - Evaluating student readiness for solo flight and practical tests #CFI #FlightInstructor #CFICheckride #AviationTraining #FAAAirmenCertificationStandards #VSL Aviation 00:00 Introduction 01:03 Task D Overview and ACS Requirements 03:33 Purpose of Effective Assessment 04:34 Traditional vs. Authentic Assessment 08:18 Why We Assess Student Performance 10:47 Characteristics of Effective Assessment 23:18 Traditional Assessment 25:22 Authentic and Learner-Centered Assessment 27:00 Student Self-Assessment 33:01 Maneuver-Based Grading 39:32 Assessing Risk Management Skills 43:00 Developing Assessment Criteria 49:02 Purpose and Types of Critiques 55:26 Oral Assessment and Effective Questions 01:01:22 Questions Instructors Should Avoid 01:06:01 Answering Learner Questions 01:10:43 Evaluating Student Performance During Training 01:13:43 First Solo Flight Assessment 01:18:13 Developing Independent Decision-Making 01:22:30 Practical Test Recommendations 01:26:47 Closing Thoughts and What's Next

CFI ACS Task C Explained: Lesson Plans, Course Development & Teaching Methods | FOI Series Ep. 3

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, FAA Designated Pilot Examiner Seth Lake continues the CFI Airman Certification Standards (ACS) series with a deep dive into **Area of Operation I, Task C: Course Development, Lesson Plans, and Classroom Training Techniques.** Preparing for your initial CFI checkride involves more than memorizing the Fundamentals of Instruction (FOIs). You need to demonstrate that you can actually teach. We'll break down the knowledge, risk management, and skill elements of Task C using the FAA Aviation Instructor's Handbook, explain how they apply to real-world flight instruction, and explore the significant overlap between FOI Task C and Area of Operation IV, Task A (Preflight Lesson on a Maneuver). **Topics covered include:** - What the CFI ACS actually requires during your practical test - Developing effective ground and maneuver lesson plans - The four steps of the teaching process - Essential instructor skills and student assessment - Performance-based vs. decision-based objectives - Teaching methods, including guided discussion and demonstration-performance - E-learning, simulators, and instructional aids - Integrated flight instruction and problem-based learning - Building flexible lesson plans that work for your students - Preparing a maneuver lesson that satisfies multiple ACS requirements Throughout the episode, we'll use practical examples involving steep turns, aerodynamics, student assessment, and real-world training scenarios. **Resources:** 📘 ACE Guide – Interactive FAA handbooks, ACS documents, and aviation references: https://vsl.aero/aceguide 📚 FAA Aviation Instructor's Handbook (FAA-H-8083-9) ✈️ FAA Flight Instructor Airplane ACS (FAA-S-ACS-25) 💬 Join the VSL Aviation Discord community: https://discord.com/invite/YcMkkNA7QX This is Part 3 of our CFI ACS Fundamentals of Instruction series. Check out the previous episodes for additional discussions of the FOIs. **About VSL Aviation** Seth Lake is an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner, airline pilot, and military instructor/evaluator pilot. The VSL Aviation Podcast focuses on practical aviation education, FAA certification standards, flight instruction, and checkride preparation. #CFI #CFICheckride #CFIACS #FlightInstructor #aviationeducation Chapters: 00:00 Introduction – CFI ACS Part 3 02:39 Understanding FOI Task C and Checkride Requirements 05:30 How Task C Connects to the Preflight Maneuver Lesson 10:00 Developing an Effective CFI Lesson Plan 18:46 The Four Steps of the Teaching Process 23:00 Four Essential Skills of an Instructor 34:38 Course of Training and Lesson Preparation 36:02 Performance-Based vs. Decision-Based Objectives 40:12 Organizing Your Lesson Material 42:55 Training Delivery and Teaching Methods 47:21 Guided Discussion, Demonstration, and Practice 52:28 E-Learning and Flight Simulation Devices 57:23 Instructional Aids and Training Technology 1:01:14 Integrated Flight Instruction 1:03:06 Problem-Based Learning and Real-World Scenarios 1:06:26 Syllabi, Lesson Plans, and Flexibility 1:11:20 Risk Management and Final Checkride Preparation

CFI ACS Task B Explained: The Learning Process | FOI Series Ep. 2

In Episode 2 of our CFI ACS series, we work through Area of Operation 1, Task B: The Learning Process. This is the biggest task in the Fundamentals of Instruction — 16 knowledge topics, 3 risk management elements, and 3 skills — all drawn from Chapter 3 of the Aviation Instructor's Handbook. I walk through every knowledge element, break down the concepts using real-world analogies and examples from my experience as a DPE and 20-year instructor, and then tie it all together with a realistic scenario covering all three skill elements — the kind of scenario you might get on your CFI practical test. If you're preparing for your CFI checkride, stop memorizing the FOIs. Start learning how to use them. That's what this series is about. If you haven't seen Episode 1 covering Task A (Human Behavior & Communication), go back and watch that first. Resources: Aviation Instructor's Handbook (FAA-H-8083-9), Chapter 3 VSL ACE Guide: https://vsl.aero/aceguide Join the VSL Aviation Discord: https://discord.gg/4BMChDbbxC #CFI #FlightInstructor #ACS #FOI #PilotTraining #VSLAviation #ScenarioBasedTraining #FlightTraining #DPE #checkride Chapters: 0:00 — Intro & Series Overview 2:07 — ACE Guide Walkthrough & ACS Structure 4:15 — K1: Definitions of Learning 5:01 — K2A: Behaviorism (T-37 Story) 9:02 — K2B: Cognitive Theory (Lego & Car Analogies) 17:02 — K3: Perceptions & Insight (Element of Threat) 23:28 — K4: Acquiring Knowledge (Math Analogy) 30:55 — K5: Laws of Learning 47:19 — K6: Domains of Learning (Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor) 1:04:21 — K7: Characteristics of Learning 1:14:47 — K8: Scenario-Based Training (D&D Comparison) 1:20:01 — K9: Acquiring Skill Knowledge & Learning Plateaus 1:32:06 — K10: Types of Practice 1:37:04 — K11: Evaluation vs. Critique 1:39:20 — K12: Distractions, Interruptions, Fixation & Inattention 1:42:08 — K13: Errors 1:48:30 — K14: Memory (Penguins on an Iceberg) 1:23:57 — K15: Retention of Learning (Peppermint Story) 1:27:47 — K16: Transfer of Learning 1:31:13 — Risk Management (R1, R2, R3) 1:31:38 — Skills Scenario: The Returning Bonanza Pilot 1:40:04 — Wrap-Up

Breaking: 2025 Airman Statistics Reveal a Pilot Pipeline Nobody Expected

The 2025 FAA Civil Airmen Statistics just dropped — and the numbers tell a story that contradicts nearly everything you've heard about the pilot shortage. Seth Lake, FAA Designated Pilot Examiner and airline pilot, digs into the raw data to show why record pilot production and declining airline hiring opportunity can exist at the same time, what it means for anyone working toward an airline career, and why your checkride record matters more now than it has in years. Interactive tools, the pilot retirement projection spreadsheet, and the raw FAA source data are all available at https://www.vsl.aero — check the numbers yourself. Chapters 00:00 — Introduction & why this episode is different 01:30 — The DPE wait time complaint: what prompted this research 03:00 — Record pilot production: the data DPEs are actually putting out 04:13 — FAA reform: what's changing with the examiner system 06:03 — The core argument: it's a demand spike, not a DPE shortage 07:10 — Pilot production is unsustainable: the math 07:21 — The retirement & hiring data: 12 major airlines, 2025–2035 10:12 — The three things airlines need to grow (demand, airplanes, infrastructure) 13:00 — Pilot hiring by growth scenario: 0%, 2%, and 5% 14:07 — The underlying issue nobody's talking about: the pilot training gold rush 15:16 — The blog & interactive tools at vsl.aero 16:03 — The 55,000 commercial pilot problem explained 17:08 — Walking through the queue calculator live 19:59 — Running the worst-case scenario: 20,000 pilots/year 21:38 — What the queue looks like by 2035 23:01 — Context: commercial production doubled in 10 years 24:13 — The traffic jam analogy: DPE shortage vs. demand spike 25:46 — What this means for pilots pursuing an airline career 26:14 — The historical norm: 11–12 years was always standard 27:07 — Closing thoughts: the data, not doom and gloom 28:10 — Final advice: clean record, be well-rounded, keep going

CFI ACS Task A Explained: Human Behavior & Communication Made Simple

This episode focuses specifically on Area of Operation I, Task A of the CFI ACS: Effects of Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process We're not covering all of the FOIs here. Instead, this is a targeted breakdown of how human behavior and communication directly impact your effectiveness as an instructor—and how examiners expect you to apply this on a checkride. If you're preparing for a CFI checkride, this is one of the most important areas to understand. It's also one of the most misunderstood. This episode connects the FOIs to real-world instruction and shows how to actually use them when teaching, not just memorize them. What we cover: How human behavior affects learning in aviation training Barriers to effective communication Instructor responsibilities in managing student behavior Why teaching is more than just delivering information How this task shows up during a CFI checkride Resources: Join the VSL Aviation Discord: https://discord.gg/4BMChDbbxC ACE Guide: https://vsl.aero/aceguide Podcast available on all major platforms Chapters 00:00 – Intro 00:30 – Scope of This Episode (Task A Only) 01:30 – Where Task A Fits in the CFI ACS 03:00 – Why Human Behavior Matters in Training 06:00 – The Instructor's Role in the Learning Process 10:00 – Barriers to Communication 15:00 – Miscommunication in Aviation Training 20:00 – Understanding Student Behavior 26:00 – Building Effective Communication Habits 32:00 – Real-World Instruction Examples 38:00 – Common Mistakes CFI Applicants Make 44:00 – How Examiners Evaluate Task A 50:00 – Key Takeaways

Illegal Charter, Operational Control, and Protecting Your Certificate – with Attorney Edward Hadley

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, Seth sits down with aviation attorney and pilot Edward A. Hadley of AeroLegal Advocates to talk about the legal traps commercial pilots face—especially around illegal charter, operational control, and holding out. Edward walks through what actually happens when the FAA starts looking at you or your operation: from that dreaded "call the tower" instruction or ramp check, through the investigation phase, to 709 rides, legal enforcement, ALJ hearings, and NTSB appeals. He explains why you should get an aviation lawyer involved early and why on-the-record statements can come back to haunt you. For commercial pilots flying Part 91 "pilot services," Seth and Edward dig into: What operational control really means and why it often overlaps—but isn't identical to—PIC authority Dry vs. wet leases, 91.501, and how the NBAA small aircraft exemption fits into all of this How an owner or manager can unknowingly create an illegal transportation package (plane + pilot) even when "everyone at the airport does it this way" Why "goodwill" and time-building can still count as compensation, even if no money changes hands How holding out actually works, and why a business card or "I'm a commercial pilot" post is not the problem—the transportation package is They also cover risk management from the pilot's side: Using the AOPA Legal Services Plan as "legal insurance" How PRIA and your employment history interact with being a whistleblower Red flags with Part 135 operators (falsified records, paper crews, pressure flights) and when it's time to walk away Practical advice on documenting concerns, using internal reporting channels, and knowing which hills are worth dying on If you're a commercial pilot, aspiring commercial pilot, or flying Part 91 for a business owner, this episode will help you ask better questions, spot bad structures, and protect your certificate and livelihood. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Aviation Law and Pilot Regulations 02:48 Understanding FAA Investigations and Pilot Violations 05:22 Legal Resources for Pilots 08:24 Operational Control in Aviation 11:02 The Importance of Operational Control for Commercial Pilots 13:58 Navigating Dry and Wet Leases 16:44 Understanding Holding Out in Aviation 19:38 Compensation and Goodwill in Aviation Operations 22:07 NTSB Cases and Legal Precedents 24:48 Business Aircraft and Goodwill 39:03 Navigating the NBAA Exemption 40:59 Understanding Entry-Level Aircraft and Pilot Experience 43:52 Compliance and the Role of the FSDO 46:22 Whistleblower Protections in Aviation 49:10 The Importance of Legal Consultation for Pilots 51:39 The PREA and Reporting Obligations for Pilots 54:41 Credibility and Ethical Considerations in Aviation 57:30 Resources for Pilots: AOPA and NBAA AOPA Legal Services Plan https://pilot-protection-services.aopa.org/ NBAA and the small aircraft exemption https://nbaa.org/flight-department-administration/aircraft-operating-ownership-options/nbaas-small-aircraft-exemption/ AC 91-37B https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_91-37B.pdf AC 61-142 https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_61-142.pdf AC 120-116 https://www.faa.gov/documentlibrary/media/advisory_circular/ac_120-116.pdf NTSB Blakely V Murray https://www.ntsb.gov/legal/alj/OnODocuments/Aviation/5061.pdf NTSB Babbitt V Wallace https://www.ntsb.gov/legal/alj/OnODocuments/Aviation/5461.PDF AeroLegal Advocates / contact info for Edward Hadley https://www.aerolegaladvocates.com/

Legal or Illegal? The Real Rules Behind Pilot Compensation

In this episode of The VSL Aviation Podcast, Seth lays the groundwork for understanding one of the most confusing topics in aviation: pilot compensation and illegal charter operations. He breaks down key definitions like operator vs. pilot in command, commercial activity vs. commercial operation, and the meaning of holding out. Seth explains how compensation, contracts, and operational control intersect, clarifying what's legal under Parts 61, 91, 119, and 135. This is the first part of a multi-episode series that every commercial pilot, CFI, and aircraft owner should hear. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Pilot Compensation and Illegal Charter 04:09 Understanding Operational Control and Pilot Responsibilities 10:10 Commercial Activity vs. Commercial Operation 13:47 The Role of Contracts in Aviation 18:37 Private Carriage vs. Common Carriage 24:59 Clarifying Holding Out in Aviation 32:40 Aircraft Size and Legal Operations 37:28 Conclusion and Future Discussions Links: https://www.reddit.com/r/flying/comments/1kesimg/what_pilots_get_wrong_about_private_carriage_and/ https://sethlakedpe.substack.com/p/operational-control-where-legal-flights?r=j12c3 https://sethlakedpe.substack.com/p/the-history-and-importance-of-holding?r=j12c3

Professionalism and Culture in Aviation: Building a Safer Cockpit Environment

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, Seth dives into two closely connected themes: professionalism and culture in aviation. Using relatable analogies like libraries and football stadiums, Seth explores how environment shapes behavior and why developing a professional safety culture matters for every pilot—from student to ATP. Joined by John, a CFI/CFII/MEI and FAASTeam Rep, the discussion covers how instructors and flight schools can intentionally build culture, how friendships and professionalism can coexist in training, and lessons from both the military and airlines on creating a cockpit environment where safety comes first. The episode also features live Q&A from Discord and YouTube listeners, covering topics such as instructor-student relationships, right-seat solo policies, instrument approaches, transitioning to ATP training, and even the value of single-engine ATP certification. 00:00 Introduction to Professionalism and Culture in Aviation 02:32 Understanding Safety Culture in Aviation 07:24 The Library and Football Stadium Analogy 12:42 Building a Professional Safety Culture 18:36 Instructor-Student Relationships and Professionalism 23:43 Setting Expectations and First Impressions 33:25 Sole Practitioner Culture of Safety and Professionalism 46:13 Creating a Comfortable Checkride Environment 48:00 Professionalism and Safety Culture in Aviation 50:02 Teaching Instrument Approaches Effectively 52:54 First Impressions for DPEs 58:01 Military Experience and Civilian Transition 01:01:55 Communication with ATC for Training 01:06:11 Resources for Transitioning to ATP Training 01:12:41 Addressing ATC Challenges in Training 01:21:03 Single Engine ATP: Worth It? 01:23:11 Balancing Checkride Preparation and Pilot Competence

Bird Strikes: Lessons, Tools, and Survival Strategies

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, host Seth Lake shares a live seminar from the North Little Rock Airport on the realities of bird and wildlife strikes. Drawing from Arkansas accident cases, military and airline experience, and FAA safety resources, Seth explores the history of bird strikes, why Arkansas sees higher numbers than average, and what pilots can do to prepare. Topics include risk tools like BAM and AHAS, mental rehearsal for worst-case scenarios, practical recovery steps after a strike, and the importance of reporting. Whether you fly GA or professionally, this episode gives you insights and strategies to handle one of aviation's most unpredictable hazards. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Bird Strikes 01:24 Understanding Bird Strike Statistics 03:44 Case Studies of Bird Strikes 05:51 Analyzing a Fatal Helicopter Accident 10:25 Bird Avoidance Models and Tools 12:23 Avian Hazard Advisory System Explained 18:09 Reporting Bird Strikes and Their Impact 23:21 The Importance of Studying Bird Strikes 23:50 Mental Preparedness for Emergencies 26:41 Understanding Bird Strikes and Their Implications 29:58 Engine Failures and Bird Strikes 33:59 Controllability Checks After Bird Strikes 37:37 Wildlife Hazards Beyond Birds 41:54 Reporting and Mitigating Bird Strikes

More Than Skin Deep: Enhanced Preflight Inspection for GA Pilots | Seth Lake Safety Seminar

In this detailed safety seminar, DPE and CFI Seth Lake walks pilots through an enhanced preflight inspection process—going beyond the surface-level checks most pilots perform. Using real NTSB accidents from Arkansas, Seth highlights how minor oversights—like frayed throttle cables, loose spark plugs, or degraded exhaust components—can result in catastrophic failures. You'll learn practical, actionable techniques to integrate deeper inspections into your routine, including: How to test your autopilot and detect early signs of control cable issues Why checking static RPM on takeoff matters A simple method for detecting exhaust leaks using soapy water What to look for under the cowl—fire sleeves, linkages, baffling, and more Fuel system checks, selector testing, and collapsed bladder detection Critical brake, nose gear, and wiring issues pilots often miss When and how to do a proper mag check and fuel selector shutoff test 🔧 Designed for renters, owners, and CFIs alike, this seminar will help you build a smarter monthly inspection routine that can catch hidden risks early. 📎 BONUS: Includes discussion of checklist accuracy, placard requirements, and how STCs affect airworthiness. 🛠️ Don't just walk around—dig deeper. Risk is always present, but better habits can minimize it. #PreflightInspection #AviationSafety #SethLakeDPE #PilotTraining #GeneralAviation #FlightSafety #NTSB #CheckridePrep #OwnerOperator #AircraftMaintenance #EnhancedPreflight #CFITips Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Enhanced Pre-Flight Inspection 02:47 Analyzing Past Accidents for Learning 06:08 The Importance of Thorough Pre-Flight Checks 09:01 Autopilot and Control Cable Inspections 11:57 Engine Checks: RPM and Exhaust Leak Tests 15:13 Critical Components: Carburetor and Linkages 18:05 Fire Safety and Engine Baffling 20:56 Final Thoughts on Pre-Flight Inspections 25:18 The Importance of Enhanced Pre-Flight Inspections 29:12 Fuel System Checks and Common Issues 32:33 Overlooked Areas in Aircraft Maintenance 36:49 Panel Blind Spots and Electrical Safety 40:41 Final Thoughts on Safety and Maintenance Practices

Live Q&A: CFI Renewals, MEI Training Tips, Wet vs Dry Leases, Aircraft Ownership & More

In this live Q&A session of the VSL Aviation Podcast, Seth Lake tackles a wide range of pilot questions from Discord, Instagram, and YouTube. Topics include: CFI Gold Seal renewals and FISDO processing Understanding static pressure and pitot systems Preparing for Multi-Engine Instructor (MEI) training Teaching depth for CFIs and avoiding information overload Building student pilot confidence with maneuvers CFII certification without a CFI Instrument checkride common weak spots Wet lease vs dry lease explained Aircraft ownership considerations for personal missions Home simulators for IFR training FAA Wings program and proficiency tips Whether you're a student pilot, instructor, or experienced aviator, this episode provides practical insights to help you improve your skills and understanding of FAA rules. 👉 Join the conversation: vsl.aero → Discord Community 🎧 Listen on Apple Podcasts / Spotify 👍 Like, subscribe, and leave a 5-star review to support the show! Chapters: 00:00 Introduction and Q&A Format 01:21 Gold Seal Flight Instructor Status 02:18 Understanding Airspeed Indicators 03:43 Tips for MEI Training 05:11 Endorsements and Legal Considerations for MEIs 07:08 Defensive Posture in Multi-Engine Instruction 10:55 Targeting Knowledge Depth for Students 14:13 Handling Student Challenges in Flight Training 15:39 Mock Orals and Preparation for Checkrides 18:58 Skipping CFI for CFII 21:48 Using E6B vs. Flight Computers 22:37 Common Mistakes in IFR Checkrides 25:57 Utilizing GPS and Autopilot in Flight Training 27:13 Updates on CF-II Regulations and Instruction 30:33 Understanding Wet and Dry Leases in Aviation 35:21 Navigating Part 135 Operations and Pilot Training 37:15 Preparing for Instrument Check Rides 41:02 Engaging with the WINGS Program for Pilot Proficiency 43:57 Experiencing Actual vs. Simulated IFR Training 45:22 Principles of Aircraft Ownership and Mission Planning

Checkride Insights Ep. 4 — Jeremy Lashbrook on Airworthiness, Checkride Errors, and CFI Rolls

In this episode, Seth sits down with Jeremy Lashbrook, a seasoned pilot and Designated Pilot Examiner with over 26 years of U.S. Army aviation experience. Jeremy brings unique insight from his extensive background flying both rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft, EMS helicopter operations, and type ratings in multiple complex aircraft. Together, they discuss common applicant mistakes, tips for smoother checkrides, airworthiness pitfalls, understanding endorsements, oral and flight maneuver trends, and key lessons for CFIs to better prepare students. Jeremy also shares his experience with ATP and type rating checkrides, plus valuable advice for pilots moving into professional aviation. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Check Ride Insights 03:10 Administrative Preparation for Check Rides 05:58 Understanding Endorsements and Airworthiness 09:02 Navigating Type Ratings and Avionics 12:06 Oral Exam Challenges and Airworthiness Knowledge 15:03 Flight Maneuvers and Practical Test Expectations 31:37 Understanding Power Changes During Maneuvers 34:07 The Importance of Pylon Selection 36:45 Addressing Stall Maneuvers in Training 40:04 Navigating Instrument Check Rides 43:28 Common Pitfalls in Instrument Flight Planning 46:57 Understanding Special VFR and Weather Minimums 52:32 Personal Minimums and Decision Making 57:46 Final Thoughts on Readiness for Check Rides

High Altitude Ops: Oxygen Systems & Pressurization Explained

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, Seth takes a deep dive into high altitude operations, breaking down FAA requirements, oxygen systems, and cabin pressurization from both a technical and checkride prep perspective. Whether you're a Commercial, CFI, or ATP applicant, you'll gain practical insight on: • The types of oxygen systems you'll encounter in GA aircraft • How to calculate oxygen requirements for your flight • FAA Part 91.211 rules and what "if installed" really means on a checkride • Physiological risks of flying without oxygen above 10,000 feet • Best practices for maintaining and using onboard oxygen systems • Real-world stories, Q&A, and prep tips for earning your high altitude endorsement Plus, Seth outlines how to use AC 61-107B as a ready-made lesson plan and shares additional resources including the FAA's O2 brochure, SkyOx system specs, and pressurization system maintenance best practices. 💬 Join the conversation in the Discord companion thread, ask questions live, and get featured on the next show. Show Links: High Altitude Operations: https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/Appendix_3-E_HighAltOperations.pdf Airline Upset Recovery: https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/AP_UpsetRecovery_Supplement.pdf AC 61-107B: https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_61-107B_CHG_1_FAA.pdf High Altitude Endorsement: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/part-61/section-61.31#p-61.31(g) FAA Oxygen Equipment Info: https://www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures/media/oxygen_equipment.pdf Aerox Pamphlet: https://www.aerox.com/content/2022%20Use%20and%20care%20-%20Sky-ox.pdf Reddit Question: https://www.reddit.com/r/flying/s/yQOTAo3yNd Oxygen in General Aviation Paper: https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/data_research/research/med_humanfacs/oamtechreports/AM66-28.pdf Discord Server Link: https://discord.gg/46zt3N8ckx Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to High Altitude Operations 02:47 Understanding Oxygen Systems 06:08 Pressurization Systems Explained 09:02 Training and Resources for High Altitude Operations 11:57 Physiological Effects of High Altitude Flight 14:47 Flight Planning for High Altitude Operations 17:53 Oxygen Delivery Systems in Aviation 20:38 Calculating Oxygen Requirements 24:02 Human Physiology at High Altitude 42:30 Understanding Altitude and Physiology 44:55 Hypoxia: Causes and Effects 52:16 Monitoring and Managing Hypoxia 01:01:48 Oxygen Systems and Maintenance 01:09:30 Emergency Procedures and Best Practices

Checkride Insights Ep. 3 — Nick Adcock on Preparation, Common Pitfalls, and Checkride Mindset

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, host Seth Lake interviews Nick Adcock, a designated pilot examiner (DPE) with a rich background in military and commercial aviation. They discuss common pitfalls applicants face during checkrides, including logbook issues, airworthiness checks, and the importance of preparation. Nick shares insights on the oral exam, highlighting knowledge gaps and stress management techniques. The conversation also covers challenges during flight tests, particularly in pattern work and decision-making, as well as common mistakes seen during instrument checkrides. Overall, the episode emphasizes the importance of thorough preparation and understanding of regulations to ensure a successful checkride experience. takeaways Preparation is key to reducing stress during checkrides. Logbook audits should be done before the test. Airworthiness checks require a compliance list for ADs. Applicants often forget basic knowledge from private pilot training. Situational awareness is crucial during pattern work. Decision-making should be the applicant's responsibility during tests. Understanding the ACS is essential for success. Common mistakes include improper handling of procedure turns. Communication with ATC during instrument checkrides is important. A positive attitude can enhance the checkride experience. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Checkride Insights 01:47 Common Checkride Pitfalls 06:13 Logbook and Endorsement Essentials 11:36 Airworthiness and Compliance Checks 18:18 Navigating the Oral Exam 24:13 Flight Planning and Alternate Requirements 26:07 Understanding Alternate Planning in Aviation 30:16 The Importance of Conversational Checkrides 36:33 Navigating Pattern Entry and Situational Awareness 40:40 Instrument Checkride Challenges and Best Practices

Checkride Insights Ep. 2 — Adam Boyd on Airworthiness, Instruction, and Checkride Readiness

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, host Seth interviews Adam Boyd, a designated pilot examiner (DPE) with extensive experience in aviation. They discuss the importance of preparation for check rides, common pitfalls applicants face, and the significance of briefings and debriefings. Adam shares insights on airworthiness, endorsements, and the oral exam process, emphasizing the need for instructors to teach students effectively. The conversation also covers flight maneuvers, instrument rating challenges, and multi-engine procedures, highlighting the critical skills necessary for success in aviation training. Editor's Note: At 49:54, Adam stated there is "no high altitude endorsement." What he meant to say is that there is no high elevation endorsement. His point was that pilots who primarily operate at sea level may not receive adequate training on high density altitude operations, and there is no regulatory requirement mandating such training. The takeaway: if you don't feel proficient in a particular environment or task, seek additional training—regardless of your certificate level. Takeaways Preparation is key for check rides. Briefings and debriefings enhance learning. Airworthiness knowledge is essential for pilots. Endorsements must be clear and accurate. Understanding weather is crucial for instrument pilots. Energy management is vital for commercial maneuvers. Teaching should focus on real-world applications. Instructors must prepare students for unexpected scenarios. Calmness in emergencies can save lives. The future of aviation depends on quality training. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Check Ride Insights 01:48 Examining Experience and Background 03:45 Preparing for Check Rides 10:05 Effective Teaching Techniques for CFIs 15:08 Learning Through Examination 18:04 Importance of Paperwork 22:03 Understanding Endorsements 32:09 Airworthiness and Safety in Aviation 37:23 Understanding Airworthiness and Pilot Responsibility 38:19 Navigating Weather as an Instrument Pilot 42:04 Icing Conditions and Instrument Ratings 44:25 Commercial Pilot Expectations and Energy Management 46:47 Multi-Engine Performance and Decision Making 50:34 Correlation in Flight Training and Maneuvers 56:48 Examining Flight Maneuvers and Instructor Responsibilities 01:02:28 Instrument Approaches and Adaptability in Flight 01:08:05 Engine Shutdown Procedures and Calm Decision Making

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Checkride Insights Ep. 1 — Tom Guillebeau on Setting Expectations and Avoiding Pitfalls

In the premiere episode of Checkride Insights, Seth sits down with Tom Guillebeau, a seasoned Designated Pilot Examiner and C-130 instructor pilot with the Arkansas Air National Guard. Tom shares his journey from mowing lawns for flying lessons to becoming a military evaluator, and gives practical advice for checkride applicants—from setting expectations to avoiding the most common mistakes. Whether you're prepping for your first ride or sharpening your CFI game, this conversation is packed with insight. ✅ Common issues DPEs see on checkrides ✅ What examiners really expect from applicants ✅ The value of clear communication and scenario thinking This series is part of the VSL Aviation Podcast and supports the FAA's national CFI–DPE Forum initiative. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Check Ride Insights 02:51 Common Check Ride Pitfalls 06:43 Understanding Aircraft Systems 12:17 The Importance of Decision Making 19:58 Personal Minimums and Safety 32:44 Final Thoughts and Resources 33:13 Navigating Gusty Conditions 35:16 Personal Minimums and Risk Management 38:03 Cancellation Policies and Student Preparedness 40:38 Examiner Flexibility and Weather Challenges 43:18 Maneuvers and Flight Skills 44:17 Pilotage and Dead Reckoning 46:54 Stalls and Slow Flight Techniques 53:06 Emergency Procedures and Checklists 56:18 Ballistic Parachute Systems and Safety 01:00:07 Final Thoughts and Preparation Tips

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Personal Minimums, Risk Management, and 135 Checkrides: What You Need to Know

In this episode of the VSL Aviation Podcast, Seth dives deep into the often-misunderstood topic of personal minimums—how to build them, stick to them, and apply them on checkride day. Using FAA guidance and practical examples, he outlines real-world risk management techniques, including when to cancel a flight and how to safely mitigate marginal weather. He also covers the training and testing requirements for Part 135 operators, breaking down the key differences between 293, 297, and 299 checks. Whether you're planning to move into a 135 role or preparing for your next checkride, this episode has the insights you need. Finally, the episode wraps with a lively Q&A session covering: Eights on pylons tips Diversions and checkride discontinuations Handling fuel leaks on test day What ADM concepts are often overlooked Proper decision-making around inop equipment Whether you can build time in experimentals And much more... 🛠️ Tools & References: ACS personal minimums sections FAA Risk Management Handbook (Ch. 2) Advisory Circular 91-67A FAA Safety Briefing (Mar/Apr 2015 edition) Check the VSL Discord for links to all referenced materials and join the ongoing discussion. Chapters: 00:00 Setting Personal Minimums for Pilots 22:49 Understanding Risk Management in Aviation 29:55 Exploring Part 135 Training 30:23 Preparing for Part 135 Cargo Interviews 34:13 Understanding Part 135 Regulations and Checkrides 38:02 Navigating Checkride Procedures and Diversions 40:26 Communicating in Congested Airspace 43:44 Inoperative Equipment and Risk Management 49:01 Differences in Pre-flight Assessments 52:19 Aeronautical Decision Making in Training 56:07 Memorization vs. Reference in Aviation 59:56 Weekly Recap and Community Engagement

Decoding the ACS | Part 5 - Mastering Airspace: Private, Commercial, and CFI-Level Scenarios

This is Episode 5 in the Decoding the ACS series, where we break down the Airman Certification Standards one task at a time. In this episode, we cover Area of Operation I, Task E: National Airspace System. Whether you're preparing for your Private Pilot, Commercial Pilot, or CFI checkride, this session explains how this task is tested across all three levels—with a focus on scenario-based evaluation using ForeFlight. You'll learn how to: Interpret ACS objectives at all certificate levels Plan routes through Class B, C, D, E, and G airspace Evaluate MOAs, TFRs, and Part 93 Special Airspace Use ForeFlight's aeronautical and profile tools Apply risk management in real-world flight planning Understand Special VFR rules and limitations We also highlight useful FAA references, online courses, and tips for briefing airspace scenarios effectively on a checkride. Referenced tools and documents are linked in the ACE Guide. Chapters: 02:29 Objective Differences 04:57 Knowledge Topics 08:58 Risk Management 10:00 Skill Requirements 15:18 Scenario Flight Planning 16:10 ForeFlight Tools 16:31 MOA Avoidance 16:31 Restricted Airspace 26:37 SATR & SAFR 27:04 Flyway Charts 30:34 Training Courses 33:09 Airspace Examples 37:24 Class C & ADS-B 40:42 Class B & Clearance 47:48 Special VFR

CFI Hour Myths, MEI ROI, and Avoiding Illegal Charter: Live Q&A

In this live Q&A edition of the VSL Aviation Podcast, host Seth Lake dives into a wide range of topics submitted by the aviation community. From the myths around required CFI ground training hours to advice on whether getting your MEI is worth the investment, Seth provides practical, experience-based insights. He also tackles how to avoid inadvertently participating in illegal charter ops, how commercial pilots can understand operator responsibility, and answers listener questions about time-building, hypoxia training, and spatial disorientation. If you're a student pilot, a CFI, or a seasoned commercial pilot brushing up on the regs, this episode is packed with value. Don't miss the tips on interpreting Part 135 eligibility and how to recover after a long flying hiatus. 📌 Key Topics Covered: Regulatory Knowledge Misunderstandings around minimum CFI ground training hours How to validate endorsements with AC 61-65J Clarification on operational control vs. holding out (AC 120-12A) What Part 119.1(e) actually allows without a certificate Tips on checking if an aircraft is listed under a Part 135 certificate Professional Development Cost/benefit analysis of pursuing an MEI How to maintain continual learning as a pilot FAA CAMI training options: hypoxia chamber, PROTE, vestibular illusions Career Guidance Time-building strategies that airlines value Stage check failures: how to report and recover Advice for applicants to the DPE program Practical Scenarios Instrument checkride failure from altimeter misreading Transitioning back to flying after a year-long break Risk of complacency in experienced pilots

Logging Time, Checkride Tips & Pilot Questions

In this episode, we celebrate new pilot certifications 🎉, tackle common logbook questions 📘, explain how ForeFlight sources winds aloft 🌬, and clarify cross-country time rules 🗺. We also walk through a real listener landing scenario at KVNY 🛬, give a quick weather symbol refresher 🌦, cover what to do if ADS-B is inoperative 📡, and answer listener questions ❓. Stick around to the end for shout-outs and closing notes! 👉 Join the Discord for more discussions: vsl.aero 🎧 Subscribe on your favorite podcast app! ⏰ Chapters 00:00 🎙 Episode Introduction & Shout-outs 02:16 🎉 Celebrating New Pilot Certifications 03:42 📘 Logging PIC Time: Common Questions 06:22 🌬 How ForeFlight Sources Altitude Winds 09:44 🗺 Who Can Log Cross-Country Time 18:42 🛬 Listener Landing Scenario at KVNY 24:27 🌦 Quick Refresher on Weather Symbols 26:40 📡 ADS-B Inop 30:30 ❓ Q & A ➤ Join the Discord: https://discord.gg/46zt3N8ckx ➤ FAA ADS-B Deviation Tool: https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/equipadsb/adapt ➤ UND Magneto Trainer: https://aero.und.edu/aviation/current-students/trainers.html ➤ ForeFlight Winds Aloft Article: https://support.foreflight.com/hc/en-us/articles/203313449-How-are-winds-aloft-used-in-NavLog-calculations ➤ FAA Legal Interpretations (Gebhart, Hillard): Gebhart: https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/FAA000000000LEGALINTPR2009024PDF.0001 Hillard: https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/FAA000000000LEGALINTPR2009033PDF.0001