Baboons - Not so Different from Us
In this episode, you'll learn all about the savannah baboon, widely considered to be the most successful primate in Africa, as it is the most widespread. It is found throughout Africa, wherever water and trees or cliffs occur. Baboon troops range in size from as small as 8 to as large as 200 with most averaging 30 to 40 members. Baboon troops have a complex social hierarchy. Female hierarchy is family based with daughters inheriting their mother's rank for life. Males, however, frequently transfer to different troops as they compete for dominance. While anthropologists like Louis Leakey maintained that the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) could teach us the most about how early humans evolved, Dr. Shirley C. Strum of the University of California San Diego Biological Anthropologist Professor, instead looked to baboons for evolutionary insights about earliest man and the origins of human aggression. After all, early man, like baboons, moved out of the forest and into the savannah and ate a diversified diet just as baboons do. Her 50 year field study shattered misconceptions about baboon social hierarchy. Prior to Dr. Strum's research, baboon social structures were thought to be based on dominance and aggression. But after studying a troop she called the Pumphouse Gang, Dr. Strum found that baboon troops use cooperation, reciprocity, and relationships to maintain stable social structures. Far from seeing our worst traits in baboons, she instead saw collaborative behavior humans would do well to emulate.