Human Factors Minute

A/B Testing

...and now for another Human Factors Minute! A/B testing is a randomized experimentation process in which two or more versions of a single variable, be that a web page or page feature, are shown to users to figure out which performs better. The “A” refers to the “control”—the original format and the “B” is a variation of that. It is also known as split testing because you split the sample of users where one half uses one version A, and the other half uses the “B” version. Say for example, you wanted to test out the effect of the location of a subscribe button on a website for new visitors. The current subscribe button is at the bottom of the webpage is “A” while the challenger B would be a button placed at the top of the webpage. You would then test these two versions of button webpage placement with a predetermined percentage of first-time site visitors. The metric would be the number of clicks the button gets. A/B testing is useful because it eliminates all the guesswork out when designing a product and helps designers make data-informed decisions that can potentially increase user engagement, reduce bounce rates, minimize risk, and create engaging content. Some fun facts: While A/B testing are most associated with websites and apps, the method is nearly 100 years old. Google first used A/B testing in the year 2000 and now they and other companies conducts over 10,000 A/B tests a year! This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

…and now for another Human Factors Minute! The American Society of Industrial Engineers, ASME, is a not-for-profit organization that promotes art, science, multidisciplinary engineering, and allied sciences with members in over 135 countries. This professional organization creates space for collaboration and skill development while promoting the essential role of engineers in society. Their goal is to be a premier resource for the global engineering community while pursuing sustainable solutions such as clean energy and water, efficient housing and transportation, public safety, and public healthcare. Additionally, ASME develops codes and standards to improve the safety, reliability, and efficiency of engineering processes. The organization publishes books, journals, proceedings, hosts conferences, and offers over 200 continuing education and professional development programs that provide a foundation for advancing technical knowledge and a safer world. If you are interested, visit asme.org to get involved This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

HFETAG - HFE/HSI

Did you know the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group is composed of 19 sub Technical Advisory Groups? One of those is the HFE/HSI SubTAG. This SubTAG's area of interest includes DoD and service HSI policy, HSI initiatives (Army MANPRINT, Air Force IMPACTS, Navy HSI), interservice inconsistencies in the acquisition process, feedback of lessons learned from test results and field operations to human factors engineers, and the identification of problems during application of HSI tools, technologies, standards, or guidance. Industry/government, higher/lower staff echelon, and support relations are of prime interest. According to DOD Directive 5000.2, Human System Integration (HSI) is concerned with both the application of Human Factors Engineering (HFE) during weapon system acquisition and modification, and the prediction of HFE consequences on manpower, personnel, training, safety, and health/biomedical requirements. The purpose of this subgroup is to explore how policies, procedures, and practice can best facilitate HSI. The directive's emphasis is more on management and communication than on technology, more on acquisition than research and development, and more on the application of HSI tools than on the tools themselves. Typical topics of interest would include RFP preparation, source selection, design analysis, design reviews, interaction between staffs of different services/represented organizations, interaction between human factors engineers and other system engineers, review of contractor data submissions, test planning, evaluation or research products in the application environment, and coordinated research and development request activity. To find out more about the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, and its sub Technical Advisory Groups, visit the HFE TAG website (https://rt.cto.mil/ddre-rt/dd-rtl/hfetag/). Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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Affordances

Affordances, coined by psychologist James Gibson in 1966, are detailed as what an environment offers to an individual. Further detailed later by computer interaction researcher Don Norman as, “A relationship between the properties of an object and the capabilities of the agent that determine just how the object could possibly be used” or, “action possibilities.” Affordances imply what interactions for users are possible in our everyday life, physically and digitally. Affordances generally exist within the following categories: False – Where the environment/object characteristics suggests and action may be taken where one does not exist, such as a button on an interface that does not work. Hidden – Where there is no obvious explanation on interaction so the individual must rely on previous experience or knowledge to engage with the interface, such as hovering over an icon on a webpage to see if it is an active link. Perceptible – Where the object/interface itself indicates what action possibilities are available and achievable, like a digital ordering menu at a restaurant that says “Place Order Here.” For User Interface design, here are some examples of how affordances are used in design: - Floppy disk icon affords saving data - Magnifying glass affords searching - Home icon affords returning to the home page - Plus icon affords being able to add an element This has been another Human Factors Minute Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

Galvanic Skin Response

...And now for another Human Factors Minute. Galvanic skin response, or GSR, is the measurement of change in the skin's electrical conductivity. This change comes as a result of increased sweat gland activity. When someone experiences emotional arousal, such as sadness, joy, or fear, there is also a change in sweat gland activity. The GSR measurement can be reflectivity of the intensity of an emotional state. To measure this, GSR electrodes are usually attached to the hand, which has the highest density of sweat glands in the body. A device is then used to record this data. GSR data is often used by human-computer interaction researchers to measure cognitive load when users interact with interfaces. When a research participant becomes frustrated or stressed with a complex interface, their galvanic skin response increases. Researchers can use GSR to support surveys and interviews with participants, as it proves that the body had an emotional response. A researcher can then use the physiological data to quantitatively measure how intuitive and satisfying a user’s experience is. Researchers may also find GSR useful when paired with data reflecting other physiological changes, such as heart rate, respiration, or eye pupil dilation. Besides HCI, GSR can be used in many other fields. It is well-known as being part of the controversial polygraph test, which assumes GSR response can determine whether someone is telling the truth. It can also be used to measure engagement, agitation, emotional arousal to entertainment and other forms of content. Overall, GSR reveals a part of an individual’s subconscious, as skin conductivity cannot be consciously regulated. This has been another Human Factors Minute Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

The Multiple Oscillator model

The Multiple Oscillator Model is a connectionist model that describes how we perceive time. An oscillator can be described as a pacemaker with a repetitive rhythm - like a swinging pendulum. The perception of an oscillator can provide the linear metric of time without one having to read a clock. This particular model describes time as being perceived through the feedback of multiple oscillators, each with a different frequency once they are triggered. It is believed that intervals in seconds can accurately be perceived when a set of oscillators coincide with one another. This model works as long as each sensory event triggers the oscillators to reset. However, it is unlikely that one could account for shorter intervals, like a few hundred milliseconds. The multiple oscillator model and other proposed time-perception theories are part of the larger picture in researching why we sometimes have an altered perception of time in different situations. There are a variety of human factors that go into time perception, and there is still much to learn. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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HFETAG - Controls & Displays

Did you know the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group is composed of 19 sub Technical Advisory Groups? One of those is the Controls and Displays SubTAG. This SubTAG aims to ensure that the development of advanced display and control systems for use by human operators is done consistent with the principles of human factors, with the intent of providing a means by which all DOD, NASA, and FAA personnel who are working in the area of displays and controls can maintain a high level of awareness of developments being made in controls and displays. This SubTAG defines displays as visual, audio, tactile, and other devices, which can be used to provide information to a human operator. Whereas controls include anything that allows for direct manipulation, neurological interfaces, ocular metrics, and voice. While there may be some overlap between areas of interest of this SubTAG and other organizations, the Controls and Displays SubTAG freely exchanges information with other organizations and attempts to cooperate in every way possible to mitigate overalap. The Controls and Displays subtag serves as a forum for the exchange of ideas and information about the latest work in displays and controls and provides support of research or development efforts which would be beyond the capacity of any individual sponsor. Additionally, this group will assist with the standardization of display and control characteristics where needed. To find out more about the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, and its sub Technical Advisory Groups, visit the HFE TAG website (https://rt.cto.mil/ddre-rt/dd-rtl/hfetag/). Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

Environmental Design Research Association

The Environmental Design Research Association was formed in 1968 by designers who believed they had the social responsibility to use their expertise as a tool to alleviate environmental problems. The EDRA is the product of the Design Methods Group joining forces with the myriad of independent efforts of like minded organizations with the understanding that their work would be stronger together. As one, EDRA advocates on behalf of healthier, more democratic human environments. The mission of the EDRA is to build a collaborative community between disciplines that creates and advocates for environments that are responsive to human needs. In pursuit of this goal, the EDRA bridges theory, research, teaching, and practice to create more humane environments in collaboration with communities worldwide. They also promote research essential to improving quality of life while advocating for social justice. Human factors guide the EDRA. Members are leaders in environment and behavior studies, evidence-based design, facility evaluation methods, sustainability, community planning, universal design, diversity in design, workplace design and informatics, design education, and digital technologies. Together they advance and publicize environmental design research, which facilitates a stronger general understanding of the relationship between people, their built environment, and natural ecosystems. For more information please visit EDRA.org. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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Behavioral Theory of Timing and Poisson Processes

The Behavioral Theory of Timing comes to us from Peter Killeen and Gregor Fetterman in 1988. The general idea is that the reinforcement of behaviors generates knowledge of the average amount of time between reinforcement. This knowledge is what sets our internal clock, which then tells us when to perform the behavior. The transitions between behaviors are considered a Poisson Process. A Poisson Process is a probability concept that can be applied to many real-world situations. For something to qualify as a Poisson Process, events must be independent of each other, the average rate of events is constant, and two events cannot occur at the same time. For example, we can think of how often a website will go down in a given time period or how often customers will call a help center. Back to our Behavioral Theory of Timing! This model of timing is a formalization of the concept that behavior is the mediator of temporal control, linking it to the behaviorist movement in psychology that began in the early 1900s. Like other theories of timing, the Behavioral Theory of Timing posits that we have a pacemaker-accumulator system, or that an oscillator of some type generates pulses that are summed by a hypothetical "accumulator." Variations in timing accuracy are explained as errors from the pacemaker or accumulator. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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Virtual Fit Multivariate Anthropometric Tool

...and now for another Human Factors Minute! The Virtual Fit Multivariate Anthropometric Tool was developed by HFES in collaboration with Penn State University to make multivariate accommodation estimates for North American users. The tool works by calculating the percent of the population that would be able to be accommodated by a specific design, and it also allows specification based on gender proportion. It uses a multivariate analysis approach, which is based on the idea that designs can fail to fit users in multiple ways. A product may be designed too short for one person, or too narrow, but this failure to fit in both situations may not always be shared by the same person. Designs may use multiple anthropometric measures. For example, a chair can be measured in several ways such as seat depth, seat width, and seat height. This tool allows designers and ergonomists to check their measurements for the highest percent accommodation that they intend. When considering a real world use case of a standing workstation desk, the tool can be used by entering the dimensions for the product into The Virtual Fit spreadsheet. First, the estimated gender proportion of users is populated into the tool. Then, when the height of the surface desk is entered into the tool, the designer or ergonomist will be given a percent of the population that will be appropriately accommodated by this dimension. You can use the Virtual Fit Tool for free via the Penn State website (https://www.openlab.psu.edu/tools/vft/). This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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HFETAG - Personnel

Did you know the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group is composed of 19 sub Technical Advisory Groups? One of those is the Personnel SubTAG. The Personnel SubTAG addresses methods and technologies for selecting personnel for military occupations requiring complex human machine interactions as well as the screening of military personnel and the prediction of performance of personnel in military occupations. With an increasingly complex nature and high value of land , sea , air , and spaceborne military systems, there is a demand that highly capable soldiers, sailors, and airmen be tasked with their operation and care. Among the list of topics of interest, are methods and technologies for quantitative assessment of individual differences for purposes of improving screening and prediction systems, performance based standards for screening of applicants to technical training and transition programs, defining performance criteria and methodologies for assessing performance in training and operational settings, and predicting performance in training and operation of complex systems. To find out more about the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, and its sub Technical Advisory Groups, visit the HFE TAG website (https://rt.cto.mil/ddre-rt/dd-rtl/hfetag/). Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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System Safety Society

Founded in 1964, the International System Safety Society is a non-profit organization that promotes, supports, and informs the legion of professionals who address safety and risk concerns throughout various industries. The organization connects system safety professionals from around the world, through local chapters. In a world in which acquiring new and innovative products is just a click away, it is easy to forget that there is an entire sector of our workforce dedicated to ensuring every consumer-facing product is rendered safe for use. The System Safety Society serves as guardians to the safety of these products and services. These “Guardians of Safety” focus their efforts on improving systems, products, and services, through research-based safety solutions. To learn more about the International System Safety Society and this year’s conference, please visit their website at system-safety.org. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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Heart Rate Monitoring

Heart rate monitoring is often used to gather real-time data from a user’s physiological response while they are performing tasks on a product or system. This is an important biometric & neuro-measurement tool because it senses unconscious changes in a user’s stress, workload, and drowsiness. Since mental processing like emotional reactions and decision-making happen unconsciously, it offers more insight to how a user’s body is responding to a given situation. In user studies, if a participant is having trouble completing a task, they might become more emotionally aroused and stressed. Even if they verbally express that they aren’t having much difficulty, heart rate monitoring can provide insight into the actual physiological response during various tasks. There are a few main methods of gathering data from heart rate monitoring: A PPG, or photoplethysmogram, has an optical sensor which measures discoloration of a user’s skin as blood runs through capillaries and arteries with each heartbeat. The most common PPGs are usually fingertip sensors or wrist bracelets and they are low-cost, not very intrusive, and easy to set up. However, they have more “noise” and “waveform morphology” variation than the other method, electrocardiogram. Both ECG and EKG reference an electrocardiogram, which directly measures the heart’s electrical activation. It creates different waveform data than a PPG, but it’s the most accurate for real-time heart monitoring. A wearable EKG chest monitor is the most accurate way outside of a hospital setting to gather a user’s heart rate data. The downside to these devices is that they’re typically expensive and more intrusive than a PPG. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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The Diffusion Model

The diffusion model is a psychological model of how we process a single-stage decision when there is a simple choice between two options. This is beneficial both in human decision making as it allows for a conclusion to potentially be reached earlier than in complex decision making. One of the key distinctions of diffusion models is that they are dynamic - able to describe the evolution of a person’s preferences over time. When discussed in terms of cognition, diffusion modeling is the mathematical representation of decision field theory, an approach to human decision making, which aims to describe how people make decisions rather than prescribe what decisions people should or ought to make. Cognitive scientists have been using this model to measure performance in tasks ranging from sensory detection and perceptual discrimination to memory recognition and categorization. In neuroscience, these models have demonstrated an ability to account for behavioral decision making for which traditional models used in economics and psychology cannot. Successful implementation of diffusion models in cognition and neuroscience, demonstrate that they may be a key in providing a bridge between neural models of sensory-motor tasks and behavioral models of complex-cognitive tasks. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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HFETAG - Standardization

Did you know the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group is composed of 19 sub Technical Advisory Groups? One of those is the Human Factors Standardization (HFS) SubTAG. This SubTAG aims to identify programs and initiatives that are needed within the Department of Defense, specifically within Human Factors Standardization Area of Consideration (HFAC), other government lead standardization activities, and offices of primary record. The group's goal is also to provide advisory support to ensure successful coordinated efforts in implementing planned Human Factors Standardization. Avoiding duplication among DoD standardization is a critical function of this group as duplicated standards may lead to conflicting guidance. Lastly, this group aims to maximize and enhance the exchange of standardization information between the DoD human factors community and other government, non-government standards bodies, and other technical societies and industry groups. Much of this group's work includes identifying problems and opportunities on standardization activities, suggesting proposed actions to address the problems and exploiting opportunities for government-industry cooperation in resolving them. They also work to identifiy effective and efficient means of using standards in acquisition programs. To find out more about the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, and its sub Technical Advisory Groups, visit the HFE TAG website (https://rt.cto.mil/ddre-rt/dd-rtl/hfetag/). Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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OSHA Standard 1910

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration protects millions of workers through a labor code of federal regulations. OSHA 1910 ensures the adoption and extension of legal standards, creating general workplace safety requirements that apply to all industries. OSHA 1910 establishes compliance duties, air contaminant provisions, rules for walking and working surfaces, hazardous materials, personal protective equipment, first aid, emergency planning, and fire protection. Combined, these measures can increase workplace safety with dramatic effect. Since its implementation, OSHA has reduced workplace injuries and deaths by 50%. Human factors and ergonomics are at the heart of these life saving safety regulations. For instance they play a key role in a company’s policies, programs, and procedures, along with the physical design of the workplace environments. Additionally, Human Factors plays an important part in establishing training programs for worker competency and skill. Ergonomics can also contribute to the processes and procedures used to evaluate work practices that may cause long-term harm to a worker’s body. To discover more ways that human factors and ergonomics shape occupational safety policy, go to www.osha.gov. Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

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Scalar Expectancy Theory

...and now for another Human Factors Minute! Scalar Expectancy Theory, or SET, is an important model of animal timing behavior credited to John Gibbon in the late 1900s. The idea of SET is that animals have an internal clock and particular memory and decision-making processes, which explains why their behavior can be temporally controlled using fixed-interval reinforcement. The scalar part of SET comes from how animals compare the current time (held in their working memory) to the expected time (held in their reference memory). When the ratio is small enough, the animal performs the behavior. When the ratio is big enough, the animal stops doing the behavior. This ratio allows for the observation that animal timing accuracy is relative to the size of the interval being timed. Although Gibbon’s theory was intended to apply only to animals, John Wearden claimed that SET could also be applied to humans. However, human behavior has much more variability than animal behavior does, mostly due to our attentional allocation, so this application is somewhat debated. While SET was one of the first models of timing, it is not the only one: there are many alternative models of timing, some based on SET and some completely different. When using SET, it is important to keep in mind that it might not work for all durations, and some psychologists argue that it is inconsistent when it comes to explaining the location of temporal indifference point in temporal bisection procedure. This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

Industrial Environmental Association Conference

...and now for another Human Factors Minute! The Industrial Environmental Association-or the IEA. is a non-profit that serves manufacturing companies in Southern California. The Association advocates on behalf of industry to promote responsible environmental legislation and to facilitate environmental compliance for companies through training and educational opportunities. As a result, Its members are recognized as experts in environmental health and safety. The IEA holds a conference of the same name annually, that brings together industry professionals and legislative leaders to provide environmental compliance guidance as well as regulatory and legislative updates. The conference includes nearly thirty educational sessions covering the topics of air, water quality, health and safety, hazardous materials, and sustainability. Of note, the IEA launched an Environmental Health and Safety Bootcamp that aims to provide additional training while connecting participants to experts in their field. General conference program attendance can be used for continuing education credit and certification maintenance. Environmental activists pursuing an undergraduate or graduate degree interested in attending the conference can apply for scholarships. For more information please visit conference.ieaca.org. This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

HFETAG - Modeling and Simulation

...and now for another Human Factors Minute! Did you know the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group is composed of 19 sub Technical Advisory Groups? One of those is the Modeling and Simulation SubTAG The Modeling and Simulation SubTAG's mission’s is to provide a method for improving awareness of human factors modeling and simulation in government personnel. "Modeling and Simulation" topics include validated information on individual, small and large group human performance and behavior. Mthods for the verification, validation, and accreditation of human models and simulations. And endeavors in the development of human modeling and simulation in response to the needs of the Analysis, Training, Acquisition, Testing, and Experimentation Communities The ultimate goal is to apply these findings from modeling and simulation topics to programs for constructive and virtual modeling and simulation To find out more about the The Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, and its sub Technical Advisory Groups, visit the HFE TAG website (https://rt.cto.mil/ddre-rt/dd-rtl/hfetag/). This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast

Acoustical Society of America

...and now for another Human Factors Minute! The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an international scientific society founded in 1929 dedicated to generating, disseminating and promoting the knowledge of acoustics and its practical applications. The Society is primarily a voluntary organization of about 7500 members and attracts the interest, commitment, and service of many professionals. The ASA may inform Human Factors Principles, studies, and application for specific subject areas that include topics like how humans perceive various sounds, how humans perceieve auditory signals, as well as understanding how humans produce speech and communicate with each other. The ASA publishes a number of reputable journals, holds annual conferences, and is involved in a number of efforts to develop standards for acoustics, bioacoustics, noise and mechanical vibration and shock. To find out more about the Acoustical Society of America, visit acousticalsociety.org. This has been another Human Factors Minute! Be sure to check out our main show at our official website: https://www.humanfactorscast.media Support us on these platforms to get access to the entire Human Factors Minute library: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast Buy us a coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hfactorspodcast Join us on Discord:https://go.humanfactorscast.media/Discord Follow us: Human Factors Cast Merchandise Store: https://www.humanfactorscast.media/p/Store/ Follow us on Twitch: https://twitch.tv/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HumanFactorsCast Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/humanfactorscast Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/HFactorsPodcast Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HumanFactorsCast Resources: Music by Kevin McLeod: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/ Mentioned in this episode: Support us on Patreon for access to the full library of Human Factors Minute https://www.patreon.com/humanfactorscast