EducationHealth & FitnessMedicine

Dr. John Campbell

Campbellteaching

Hello Everyone, My name is John Campbell and I am a retired Nurse Teacher and former clinical nurse based in England. I also do some teaching in Asia and Africa when time permits. These videos are to help students to learn the background to all forms of health care. My PhD focused on the development of open learning resources for nurses nationally and internationally. LinkedIn profile, https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-john-campbell-5256223b/ Twitter, https://twitter.com/Johnincarlisle Disclaimer; These media including videos, book, e book, articles, podcasts are not peer-reviewed. They should never replace individual clinical judgement from your own health care provider. No media-based material on this channel is suitable for using as professional medical advice. All comments are also for educational purposed only and must never replace advice from your own health care provider

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Monday · 25 min
UK comparisons, Uganda update
Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021 Uploaded 17-09-21 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7037e1.htm?s_cid=mm7037e1_w To email Wefwafwa, wefandrew@gmail.com Check out his channel, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzsLklGgOttU3Se-WGLp7ow To donate to his work, USE SENDWAVE/ WorldRemit /Western Union Mobile money number:+256785698803 Country: Uganda Registered name : Wefwafwa Andrew State: Eastern uganda Zip code:0000 Wallet Service provider:MTN City: Mbale city email me when you send on wefandrew@gmail.com UK over two seasons https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1017676/2021-09-14_COVID-19_Press_Conference_Slides__for_publication_.pdf Zoe update from 16th September https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/with-the-highest-cases-in-europe-uk-should-trigger-plan-b-now Based on PCR and LFT test data from up to 11th September, (n = 32,409) Average of 47,276 new symptomatic cases per day for UK Previous 7 days was 51,876 (down 9%) In the New daily cases in the fully vaccinated 15,493 new daily symptomatic cases (previous 7 days t was 17,674) Across the different age groups Daily new cases in18-35s down sharply Daily new cases in 0 - 18s up (as schools return) Across the regions Many of the English regions, falling or stable Scotland cases have stopped rising, although hospitalisations still increasing Prevalence 1 in 95 in UK currently have symptomatic COVID UK R = 0.9 Wales, 1.0 (only rising region) Scotland, 1.0 Symptoms for longer than 12 weeks 781 people a day will go on to experience this longer covid Reduced commensurate with reduced symptomatic cases Tim Spector After calling for a plan for several weeks I’m pleased to see the government has launched a booster vaccine programme. (To give boosters to everyone over 50) the winter plan fails to introduce the current symptoms to the list now most people experience symptoms like sore throat, headache and sneezing rather than fever or cough I also don't understand why we are waiting for the situation to get worse and the NHS is pressured further before implementing simple measures that would help to bring down the number of new cases and save lives. With such high levels of virus in the population we should also still be wearing masks and keeping our distance in crowded public places, as in major European cities where cases are much lower than ours. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 24 min
Vitamin D, a tale of two studies
Vitamin D Supplements for Prevention of Covid-19 or other Acute Respiratory Infections: a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial (CORONAVIT) Uploaded 07-04-22 December 2020 to June 2021 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.22271707v1 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04579640 Randomly assigned 6200 U.K. adults postal finger-prick 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) test provision of a 6-month supply of vitamin D to those with blood 25(OH)D concentration less than 75 nmol/L 3,200 IU/day, n = 1,356 800 IU/day, n = 1,334 No offer of testing or supplementation, n = 3,100 Outcomes Proportion of participants experiencing at least one swab test- or doctor-confirmed acute respiratory infection (ARI) of any cause Incidence of swab test-confirmed Covid-19 RESULTS 2,690 (86.8%) had 25(OH)D less than 75 nmol/L Experienced at least one ARI of any cause Higher dose group 76 (5.0%) Lower dose group 87 (5.7%) No offer group 136 (4.6%) OR higher-dose vs. no-offer, 1.09 lower-dose vs. no-offer, 1.26 Diagnosed with covid Higher dose group 45 (3.0%) Lower dose group 55 (3.6%) No offer group 78 (2.6%) CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a test-and-treat approach to correcting sub-optimal vitamin D status in the U.K. population was safe and effective in boosting 25(OH)D concentrations of adults with baseline concentrations less than 75 nmol/L. However, this was not associated with protection against all-cause ARI or Covid-19. Incidence of hospitalization for ARI was low, and we therefore lacked power to detect an effect of the intervention on severity of Covid-19 and other ARIs. Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0263069 Objective Examines if, and to what degree, a relationship exists between pre-infection serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and disease severity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 Participants April 7th, 2020 and February 4th, 2021 Galilee Medical Center (GMC) in Nahariya, Israel Positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests Historical 25(OH)D levels measured 14 to 730 days prior to the positive PCR test. Design Patients admitted with COVID-19 were categorized according to disease severity and level of 25(OH)D. deficient, insufficient, adequate, high-normal Isolated influence of the sinusoidal pattern 25(OH)D changes Results Of 1,176 patients admitted, 253 had records of a 25(OH)D level prior to COVID-19 infection In patients with the severe or critical disease 87.4% had lower vitamin D levels, less than 20 ng/mL In patients with mild or moderate disease 34.3% had lower vitamin D levels, less than 20 ng/mL p less than 0.001 Patients with Vit D less than 20ng/ml versus patients with more than 40 ng/ml Patients with lower vitamin D levels were 14 times more likely to have severe or critical disease p less than 0.001 Conclusions Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, pre-infection deficiency of vitamin D was associated with increased disease severity and mortality. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 24 min
Disaster in North Korea
North Korea, tragic situation, UK and US slowly stabilising. Uploaded 16-05-22 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/kim-jong-un-calls-in-the-army-to-respond-to-north-koreas-covid-19-crisis https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/05/14/covid-outbreak-great-disaster-north-korea-says-kim-jong-un/ UK, alpha wave, patients admitted to hospital UK, alpha wave, deaths Omicron started to spread, late April End of two-year coronavirus blockade, maintained at great economic cost Omicron in Pyongyang Factors Long term malnutrition Current malnutrition Untreated long-term diseases Poor housing Limited supply of medicines, steroids, antibiotics Zero vaccination Little previous infection Naïve population Omicron, not delta (Official Korean Central News Agency) Kim Jong Un Covid outbreak is a great disaster for North Korea causing great upheaval Announced 51 new fever deaths First case confirmed Thursday Had activated maximum emergency quarantine system Nationwide lockdowns Up to May 13 1,213,550 cases of fever More than 524,440 fallen sick with fever at least 81,430 were fully recovered Official Korean Central News Agency Over half a million currently receiving medical treatment The spread of malignant disease comes to be a great upheaval in our country since the founding of the DPRK Army to distribute medicines on immediately stabilising the supply of medicines in Pyongyang because officials of the Cabinet and public health sector in charge of the supply have not rolled up their sleeves, not properly recognizing the present crisis strongly criticised the Cabinet and public health sector for their irresponsible work attitude Leif-Eric Easley, professor, Ewha University in Seoul The language he's used suggests the situation in North Korea is going to get worse before it gets better Engagers see this rhetoric preparing the way for international assistance, but Kim may be rallying a population on the verge of further sacrifice Kim Jong Un, meeting on anti-virus strategies in Pyongyang Kim, front and centre (39) minimising the losses in human lives Country will actively learn from China's pandemic management strategy not an uncontrollable spread among regions but transmission within areas that had been locked down Previously turned down offers of Covid vaccines from China and Covax scheme Beijing and Seoul issued fresh offers of aid and vaccines Health and healthcare in North Korea: a retrospective study among defectors (Conflict and Health) https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-020-00284-y Public Health Act, comprehensive free care system Widespread informal expenditure Lack of medicines Extensive self-medication with narcotic analgesics Party membership Respondents who could not enjoy political and economic rights were substantially more likely to report illness, and extremely reduced access to care, even with life-threatening conditions. Maxar Technologies New excavation at the Yongbyon facility in North Korea, (plutonium) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 25 min
Natural versus vaccine immunity
Post infection natural immunity, debate and implications for mandatory vaccination Uploaded 02-10-21 https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n2101 US as of 11th December 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20210115184811/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/burden.html US, Natural infection, Feb 2020 to May 2021 0 – 17 26.8 / 73 37% 18 – 49 60.5 / 138 44% 50 – 64 20.4 / 62 32% 65+ 12.3 / 54 23% Total 120.3/ 328 37% Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abf4063 N = 254 blood samples post infection N = 51 long term follow up Antibodies against SARSCoV- 2 spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) declined moderately over 8 months Memory B cells against SARS-CoV-2 spike increased between 1 month and 8 months after infection. Proportion of subjects positive for CD4+ T cells (92%) remained high at 6 to 8 months after infection. The different types of immunememory each had distinct kinetics, resulting in complex interrelationships over time CONCLUSION Substantial immune memory is generated after COVID-19 About 95% of subjects retained immune memory at ~6 months after infection Circulating antibody titers were not predictive of T cell memory CDC Still recommends a full vaccination dose for all the immune response from vaccination is more predictable antibody responses after infection vary widely by individual June, Peter Marks, Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research We do know that the immunity after vaccination is better than the immunity after natural infection generally the immunity after natural infection tends to wane after about 90 days https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_j8ziaOpl7o&t=1724s It appears from the literature that natural infection provides immunity, but that immunity is seemingly not as strong and may not be as long lasting as that provided by the vaccine UK covid pass guidelines https://www.gov.uk/guidance/nhs-covid-pass#who-can-get-an-nhs-covid-pass-in-england proof of natural immunity shown by a positive PCR test result for COVID-19, lasting for 180 days after the date of the positive test Protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to that of BNT162b2 vaccine protection: A three-month nationwide experience from Israel https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.21255670v1.full.pdf Vaccination was highly effective Estimated efficacy for documented infection of 92·8% Hospitalization 94·2% Severe illness 94·4% Death 93·7% Protection from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection Estimated efficacy for documented infection of 94·8% Hospitalization 94·1% Severe illness 96·4% Ministry of Health during summer surge Between 5 July and 3 August (over half a million infected but unvaccinated) Just 1% of weekly new cases were in people who had previously had covid-19 Dvir Aran, biomedical data, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology these numbers look very low the data suggest that the recovered have better protection than people who were vaccinated Systemic side-effects were more common in people previously infected https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309921002243 Large UK study 1·6 times after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 2·9 times after the first dose of BNT162b2 56% more likely to experience a severe side effect that required hospital care Conclusion Public health strategy versus individualised medicine Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 1 hr 20 min
Professor David Anderson
Vitamin D and other topics, a fascinating wide ranging discussion with retired Consultant Physician and Professor of Endocrinology David Anderson. Download a free copy of VITAMIN D3 and the Great Biology Reset, by Professor David Anderson and Dr David Grimes. https://dgreatbiologyreset.com/#download Uploaded 11-11-23 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 12 min
Population control
More valuable insights from doctor, endocrinologist, author, medical researcher and teacher, professor David Anderson. Link to order or download, Vitamin D and the Great Biology Reset, https://dgreatbiologyreset.com/ Uploaded 05-07-25 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 2 min
Scammers all over
I am John Campbell and I do not use Facebook. If you see me on a Facebook account it is a SCAM. Uploaded 11-08-25 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 5 min
Davos or parliament
Write to your MP if you are in the UK, encourage them to attend the debate on excess deaths on 16th January, if they are not in Davos, https://www.writetothem.com/?a=westminstermp Uploaded 09-01-24 https://twitter.com/ABridgen/status/1737475231386653113 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 56 min
Dreadful vaccine injury
Brianne Dressen, first US lawsuit against AstraZeneca Covid Vaccine Injury Global Study: www.react19.org/study Covid vaccine injury medical expense fund: www.react19.org/donate AstraZeneca Lawsuit Full Complaint: https://aboutblaw.com/bd0D https://news.bloomberglaw.com/health-law-and-business/astrazeneca-sued-over-covid-19-vaccine-clinical-trial-injury Vaccine trial patient files first US lawsuit against AstraZeneca https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/05/13/vaccine-trial-patient-files-us-lawsuit-against-astrazeneca/ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-13416585/utah-teacher-astrazeneca-lawsuit-covid-vaccine-disabled.html https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/utah-mom-sues-astrazeneca-claiming-she-was-left-permanently-disabled-in-covid-vaccine-trial/ar-BB1mmASM https://news.bloomberglaw.com/health-law-and-business/astrazeneca-sued-over-covid-19-vaccine-clinical-trial-injury Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Covid-19 Vaccine https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2105290 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32623-4/fulltext Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 9 min
Official investigation, tittle tattle
Direct link to parliament TV, https://parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/5e1f14d2-72b3-488f-a53c-fc94fee92dac Uploaded 24-01-24 Link to Hansard full transcript, https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2024-01-16/debates/152B485D-812D-43CC-9D25-C2B651564810/ExcessDeathTrends?highlight=westminster%20hall#contribution-46059AFE-9A03-472B-9364-0BF972E2E7D8 Philip Davies (Shipley) (Con) As we have seen in data published by the ONS, non-covid excess deaths continue to run higher than they should. People are dying unexpectedly across all age groups, particularly at home. Since the restrictions in March 2020, there have been 110,000 excess deaths in people’s own homes. In the week ending 22 December 2023, deaths at home were 11% higher than the five-year average. In the first 11 months of 2023, over 21,000 excess deaths took place at home, which is roughly one every 25 minutes. Last month an article in The Lancet, co-authored by the head of mortality analysis at the ONS, stated that although “the causes of these excess deaths are likely to be multiple”, ONS data did show some clear trends—in particular, the “largest relative excess deaths” since the pandemic occurred in young and middle-aged adults, with the number of cardiac deaths happening outside hospitals the most elevated. In other words, young and previously healthy people are dying at home from cardiac-related events, and we do not know why. The article concludes: “Timely and granular analyses are needed to…inform prevention and disease management efforts.” Let us be clear: this is not a new phenomenon. Experts have been raising concerns about excess deaths since as early as 2021. I remember seeing an interview with Professor Carl Heneghan, professor of evidence-based medicine at Oxford University, where he called for an investigation into the 75,000 excess deaths at home between March 2020 and October 2021. Some 90% of those excess deaths were not covid-related, but related to things such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Many of those deaths could have been prevented had people not been dissuaded from seeking care, because they were told by the media and the Government to stay at home and protect the NHS. Perhaps they tried to get help but were dismissed by a health service concerned with only one disease. The calls for an investigation went ignored then, just as they are ignored now. Perhaps the covid inquiry, as others have said, should make better use of Professor Heneghan’s time by asking about this topic rather than the tittle-tattle that it seems to revel in. The pertinent question is: why did we lock down at all? That is what I think did the biggest damage. We can all speculate on the cause of excess deaths, which are clearly happening, from withdrawal of healthcare during lockdown, the increased risk of sedentary lifestyles and alcohol consumption, the impact of the pandemic and related restrictions on NHS staffing levels, increasing NHS waiting times, lack of access to emergency care, covid-19 vaccine adverse reactions or another unknown cause—perhaps a mix of all of the above. Until the Government commit to a robust and independent investigation, we will not know for sure and the speculation will keep going. That is why the Government need an investigation rapidly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 13 min
DNR at 38 years of life
Unnecessary deaths are a tragedy in themselves, but also distorted the covid fatality data. Use free download link- https://ufile.io/xp4acnuj Dave, independent researcher on Substack, https://biologyphenom.substack.com https://twitter.com/biologyphenom Witness statements: Lianne Menzies- https://www.covid19inquiry.scot/sites/default/files/ev-documents/sci-wt0068-000001.pdf DNACPR (DNR) 44. They asked Jamie five times to sign a DNR, a do not resuscitate document and he kept telling them no. The following day (28th March) they asked him again and it was five times in total that they asked him to sign a DNR. There were two other occasions and he repeatedly said they would need to speak to me. 46. Jamie got upset enough about this that he called me; he wanted me to reassure him that I wouldn't agree to it. He was terrified. He never signed one and there were never any conversations about DNR before. They eventually tested him for Covid. Jamie was initially told that the result was negative but then the doctor came round to see him later that day and said he had tested positive. He said the doctor thought he was over the worst of it. My friend works in the hospital, and she said that there had been e-mails and a leaflet sent out to say who would and wouldn't get treatment so I knew Jamie wouldn't get it. 53. On 4th April Jamie facetimed me; he looked really well. He was up and dressed. Jamie's oxygen must have been reduced because I had no trouble hearing him. He was laughing and joking away. I thought he must have been getting better and I would get him home soon. I asked if he was getting out and he said he would ask the doctor. Bereavement. 57. She asked if I understood that Jamie was going to die. I said absolutely not as he was sitting up in bed joking yesterday. 60. They gave Jamie midazolam to help him sleep. I went home but asked them to phone me and I would come straight back as I didn't want him to be alone. 61. I got a call the next morning (8th April 2020) to ask me to go back to the hospital. They said, 'it was time.' When I arrived, there were five nurses in the room with him in case I didn't arrive in time. 62. Jamie was in and out of consciousness most of that day; he was scared because he was having trouble breathing. He kept grabbing onto the bed rails frantically and shouting to me as he struggled to breath. The palliative care team came in and asked if I would like them to give him something to make him more comfortable; I agreed. They rotated the midazolam with morphine. 63. Jamie passed away at 11.29pm that night. Before Jamie passed away, we got married. He had been asking me and up until he became really ill, I had always said no not until you are better. I thought it was the last thing I could have done for him. He knew what was going on, a nurse took a video, and they got rings from the lost and found. 64. My mum got the chaplain, and we were able to get married in the hospital. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 15 min
New anti cancer 'vaccine'
Professor Angus Dalgleish, physician, oncologist, pathologist, medical researcher and author. Get your copy of The Death of Science, https://gazellebookservices.co.uk/pro... Uploaded 02-01-24 Also by Professor Dalgleish, The Origin of the Virus: The hidden truths behind the microbe that killed millions of people, https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/185457106... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 5 min
N=1 custom medical care
Link to Dr Cohen's channel for more videos, https://www.youtube.com/@accidental_doctor_michael Link to video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDfVlgxLOJ0 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 27 min
International BA 5 wave
Third distinct omicron wave Uploaded 25-06-22 Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 variants: technical briefings https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigation-of-sars-cov-2-variants-technical-briefings BA.5 growing 35.1% faster than Omicron subvariant BA.2 BA.5 growing 19.1% faster than Omicron subvariant BA.2 US https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#new-hospital-admissions Increase in hospital patients, probably our best proxy Or test positivity, (14%) UK hospital data https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/covid-cases.html Australia https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/the-ba-5-omicron-subvariant-is-spreading-in-australia-heres-what-you-need-to-know/uypfrn7h3 Professor Adrian Esterman, University of South Australia Basically of those subvariants ... are all in Australia at the moment and will be competing against each other At the moment BA.2 is the majority of cases in Australia, but BA.5 is starting to take over Australian Influenza Surveillance Report and Activity Updates – 2022 https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-ozflu-2022.htm 147,155 official notifications 55,101 in the last 2 weeks Influenza A, 83.4% H1N1, 0.8% A and B coinfections, less than 0.1% Highest notification rates in children Zoe data https://health-study.joinzoe.com/data New covid wave https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWrU0lF0CF8 Cases, + 225,464 Up 40% on the week Prevalence, one in 27 Scotland, one in 18 UK R = 1.1 BA.5 surge Similar transmissibility as BA.2 Immune escape More reinfections, from this year and last No increase in deaths, a little down on the week Hospitalisations, up 33% on the week Individual risk is less Increases in all age groups Increases in all regions Long covid New cases, + 3,851 (more than 3 months) Omicron, less likelihood of LC compared to delta infection More cases overall due to sheer numbers of infections Risk of getting LC with BA.1 One in 23 infections (more than a month) ONS data UK, 1.7 million infections last week https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights 1,360,600 (1 in 40 people) in England 68,500 (1 in 45 people) in Wales 59,900 (1 in 30 people) in Northern Ireland 250,700 (1 in 20 people) in Scotland London, 25 to 34 year olds Antibodies, January to February 2022 Secondary school pupils 96.6% Primary school pupils 62.4% Dr. Rochelle Walensky (moderna) https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/24/world/covid-19-mandates-vaccine-cases?campaign_id=185&emc=edit_yct_20220624&instance_id=64890&nl=coronavirus-tracker®i_id=110300449&segment_id=96655&te=1&user_id=0b87b8c1eea981ec0514047bbfa553ca#cdc-moderna-covid-vaccine-ages-6-17 recommending a second safe and effective vaccine for children ages 6 through 17 years Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 23 min
Sick kids in South Africa
South Africa, Official says number of children sick with COVID-19 is not cause for panic https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/safrican-official-says-number-children-sick-with-covid-19-is-not-cause-panic-2021-12-04/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/ntsakisi-maluleke-721541b/?originalSubdomain=za https://english.alarabiya.net/coronavirus/2021/12/04/South-African-official-says-number-of-children-sick-with-COVID-not-cause-for-panic Higher hospital admissions among children during a fourth wave Driven by the Omicron variant Should prompt vigilance but not panic, as infections have been mild Ntsakisi Maluleke, public health specialist, Gauteng province 1,511 COVID-positive patients in hospitals 113 were under 9 years old, a greater proportion than during previous waves We are comforted by clinicians' reports that the children have mild disease Health officials and scientists were investigating what was driving the increased admissions in younger ages No paediatrics phylogenetic epidemiology yet They would rather have a child under care for a day or two than having a child at home and complicating, ... but we really need to wait for the evidence She said many COVID-19 patients in Gauteng reporting non-specific flu-like symptoms, like a scratchy throat, as opposed to more easily identifiable markers like a loss of taste or smell Parents and pregnant women, more hospital admissions recently, to get tested in case intervention is needed further down the line. Gauteng's dedicated COVID-19 bed occupancy, 13% US current surge is delta https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/02/delta-variant-surge-omicron/ New Jersey Health Commissioner Judy Persichilli Delta driving the state’s uptick in hospitalizations I encourage everyone not to be hysterical about what we don’t know about omicron, but to be really proactive in controlling what we do know, which is the delta variant is here, it’s with us, it’s causing increasing trends Omicron so far North America Canada United States South America Brazil Europe Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark England Finland France Germany Ireland Italy Norway The Netherlands Portugal Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland (suspected cases) Africa Botswana Ghana Nigeria Reunion Island (France) South Africa Middle East Saudi Arabia Israel Asia and the Pacific Australia Hong Kong India Japan Singapore South Korea US omicron https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/12/02/covid-omicron-variant-live-updates/ Ten confirmed, 5 in New York NY and Hawaii, community transmission California, Minnesota, Colorado India Two cases a 66-year-old South African national, been and gone a 46-year-old, southern city of Bengaluru, had no travel history Germany Unvaccinated not allowed in restaurants, cinemas and many shops Angela Merkel, vaccinations could be mandatory by February Austria Compulsory vaccinations from 1st February UK Bought 114 million more doses of Pfizer and Moderna All adults offered a booster by end of January Omicron cases + 75 = 134 Positivity 0.3% of positive cases SA (Peter) https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/south-africa Biggest HIV epidemic in the world In 2018 7.7 million people living with HIV 240,000 new HIV infections, 71,000 deaths HIV prevalence now 20.4% of people (one in five) living with HIV Could be double this 12.6% in Western Cape 27% in KwaZulu-Natal the omicron variant is associated with substantial ability to evade immunity from prior infection UK HIV, 2017 https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/western-central-europe-north-america/uk 101,600 people living with HIV People aged 15-74 years, 0.22% US and HIV https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics.html Prevalence, 1.2 million Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 2 min
mRNA found in breast milk
Link to the full version of this video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngYWeKEvfxo Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 33 min
US, new omicrons
And is virus blowing in the Asian wind? Uploaded 08-06-22 US https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions BA 4, 5.4% BA 5, 7.6% BA.4 and BA.5, first detected in South Africa, early 2022 Now, at 13% of cases Last week, 7.5% of cases Probably mostly immune escape UK https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-case-data-6-may-2022 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-variants-genomically-confirmed-case-numbers/variants-distribution-of-case-data-27-may-2022 Last 90 days (updated 7th June) BA.1, 2,175508 BA.2, 469,309 XE, 2,009 BA.4, 289 BA.5, 219 ONS https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights Percentage of the community population that had COVID-19 1.44% in England (1 in 70 people) 1.30% in Wales (1 in 75 people) 1.33% in Northern Ireland (1 in 75 people) 2.01% in Scotland (1 in 50 people) Long covid, UK, as of 1st May 2022 2.0 million 3.1% of the population 72% for at least 12 weeks 42% at least one year 19% at least two years Symptoms Fatigue 55% Shortness of breath 32% cough 23% muscle ache 23% Symptoms adversely affected the day-to-day activities 1.4 million people (71% of those with self-reported long COVID). More LC after delta than omicron (in double-vaccinated people) Self-reported long COVID was almost twice as common after Delta than after Omicron BA.1 infections North Korea https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/07/opinion/north-korea-covid.html Dr. Mike Ryan we have real issues in getting access to the raw data and to the actual situation on the ground It is very, very difficult to provide a proper analysis to the world when we don’t have access to the necessary data Extensive use of Sinovac Jean H. Lee Chronic food shortages Since a massive famine in the 1990s Fruit, vegetables and meat are luxuries Malnutrition shows, splotchy skin, sunken cheekbones, gaunt frames Most hospitals and clinics do not have heat, medicine or supplies North Korean nurses washing syringes Doctors and patients bundle up in quilted jackets One North Korean doctor, relied on preventive care because she had no medicine, not even for diarrhea, which she said kills scores of North Korean children every year North Koreans living in mountainous areas China https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/region/china Cases, 2,101,049 Deaths, 14,615 Fully vaccinated, 89.05% Doses administered 3.5 billion Government notice, Dandong https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/90KdrMD4Gc7WVFfnnN4WCw https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-07/china-fears-wind-is-blowing-covid-virus-in-from-north-korea try not to open windows in southerly weather for residents along the river, and do not disperse pigeons during the epidemic Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd9149 Long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been observed, hotel quarantines, in a large church Half live of virus in aerosols One to to 3 hours SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (laboratory-generated aerosols) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 2 min
Learning from history
Nuremberg Code (1947)full video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oZAPk_Xpow Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 18 min
Omicron does reinfect after organic immunity
Reinfections are probable, not good news actually How likely somebody who has already had Covid to catch Omicron? (catching it twice or more) Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa What is already known on this topic https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.21266068v2.full.pdf Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to provide 84% reduction in infection risk What this study adds We find no evidence of increased reinfection risk associated with circulation of Beta or Delta variants, compared to the ancestral strain in routine epidemiological data from South Africa. In contrast, we find clear, population-level evidence to suggest substantial immune evasion by the Omicron variant. Omicron selection advantage is at least partially driven by an increased ability to infect previously infected individuals. Omicron variant increases reinfection risk - Yes Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates substantial population-level evidence for evasion of immunity from prior infection. Retrospective analysis of routine epidemiological surveillance data 4th March 2020 to 27th November 2021 South Africa’s National Notifiable Medical Conditions Surveillance System N = 2,796,982 Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Results 35,670 suspected reinfections were identified among 2,796,982 individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2, who had a positive test result at least 90 days prior to 27th November 2021 35,670 individuals with at least two infections 332 individuals with third infections 1 individual with four infection The relative hazard ratio for wave 2 versus wave 1 was 0.75 The relative hazard ratio for wave 3 versus wave 1 was 0.71 Relative hazard ratio for the period from 01 November 2021 to 27 November 2021 The relative hazard ratio for wave 4 versus wave 1 was 2.39 In the time of beta and delta Increases in primary infections No corresponding increase in reinfection hazard In the time of omicron Omicron variant, decrease in the hazard for primary infection Increase in reinfection hazard coefficient Conclusion Population-level evidence suggests that the Omicron variant is associated with substantial ability to evade immunity from prior infection. In contrast, there is no population-wide epidemiological evidence of immune escape associated with the Beta or Delta variants. This finding has important implications for public health planning, particularly in countries like South Africa with high rates of immunity from prior infection. Urgent questions remain regarding whether Omicron is also able to evade vaccine-induced immunity, and the potential implications on protection against severe disease and death. Prof Paul Hunter The implications of this paper are that Omicron will be able to overcome natural and probably vaccine-induced immunity to a significant degree. But, the degree is still unclear - though it is doubtful that this will represent complete escape. Prof Francois Balloux, University College London The higher estimated re-infection ability of the Omicron variant to cause re-infection is not overly surprising and could be largely anticipated based on the large number of mutations in the spike protein carried by the omicron variant, which increase the Omicron variant's ability to bypass host immunity Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Monday · 20 min
Waning vaccine efficacy in the UK
Beijing, 70 cases since Friday Uploaded 26-04-22 Three P.C.R. tests over five days zero Covid strategy https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1070356/Vaccine-surveillance-report-week-16.pdf Effectiveness against symptomatic disease After 2 doses of the AstraZeneca Against the Omicron variant Starts at 45 to 50% Drops to almost no effect, 25 weeks after the second dose With 2 doses of Pfizer or Moderna Effectiveness dropped from around 65 to 70% Down to around 15% by 25 weeks after the second dose Two to 4 weeks after a booster dose Effectiveness ranges from around 60 to 75% Dropping to almost no effect from 20+ weeks after the booster Effectiveness against hospitalisation Alpha and Delta variants Higher levels of protection against hospitalisation with all vaccines Omicron 18 to 64 year olds All COVID-19 cases admitted via emergency care VE after a booster peaked at 82.4% Dropped to 53.6% by 15+ weeks after the booster Needed oxygen/ventilated VE 97.1% down to 75.9% Also Omicron generally causes milder disease, in particular among younger individuals All individuals who are hospitalised are tested for COVID-19 An increasing proportion of individuals hospitalised with a positive COVID- 19 test are likely to have COVID-19 as an incidental finding rather than the primary reason for admission. All 3 vaccines give similar protection against hospitalisation Effectiveness against mortality Alpha and Delta Over 90% protection against mortality with all 3 vaccines Vaccine effectiveness against mortality with Omicron At 25-plus weeks following the second dose, vaccine effectiveness was around 60% Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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