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  • #20
    August 25 · 1 min

    第3122期:Starmer pressures Putin for peace

    Britain's leader encouraged his global counterparts to continue pushing for a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine at the start of a virtual meeting Saturday intended to end the fighting between the two countries. 英国领导人在周六旨在结束两国战斗的虚拟会议开始时鼓励全球同行继续推动俄罗斯和乌克兰停火。 British Prime Minister Keir Starmer told a virtual meeting of mostly European leaders that "sooner or later" Russia would have to engage in talks on reaching a ceasefire in the three-year conflict. 英国首相基尔·斯塔默在主要由欧洲领导人参加的虚拟会议上表示，俄罗斯“迟早”必须参与谈判，以达成为期三年的冲突的停火协议。 He addressed the group, described as a "coalition of the willing," 他向这个被描述为“自愿联盟”的组织发表讲话， of mostly European leaders as well as those from Australia, New Zealand and Canada but not the United States. 该组织主要由欧洲领导人以及来自澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大的领导人组成，但不包括美国领导人。 "Sooner or later, he's going to have to come to the table," Starmer said of Russian President Vladimir Putin, whose country invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2022. 斯塔默谈到俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京时说：“迟早，他必须坐到谈判桌前。”俄罗斯于2022年2月24日入侵乌克兰。 Earlier, U.S. President Donald Trump urged Moscow to accept a ceasefire deal agreed to by U.S. and Ukrainian delegations in Saudi Arabia, and U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio had said "the ball is in Russia's court." 此前，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普敦促莫斯科接受美国和乌克兰代表团在沙特阿拉伯达成的停火协议，美国国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥曾表示“球在俄罗斯手中”。 Putin has said he agrees with a ceasefire in theory, but Russia still has certain conditions and questions that must be addressed before accepting any agreement. 普京表示，他理论上同意停火，但俄罗斯在接受任何协议之前仍需解决某些条件和问题。 In his nightly video address, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy suggested that Putin is stalling and has demanded so many preconditions "that nothing will work out at all." 乌克兰总统泽连斯基在晚间视频讲话中暗示，普京在拖延，并提出了如此多的先决条件，“以至于什么都行不通”。 Meanwhile, the U.S. has expanded sanctions on Russian oil and gas as well as its financial sectors. 与此同时，美国扩大了对俄罗斯石油和天然气以及金融部门的制裁。 Saturday's discussion among world leaders could address future military and financial support for Ukraine and Zelenskyy's security concerns if a peace deal is reached. 如果达成和平协议，世界各国领导人周六的讨论可能会涉及未来对乌克兰的军事和财政支持以及泽连斯基的安全担忧。 Zelenskyy attended Saturday's online video session. 泽连斯基参加了周六的在线视频会议。

  • #20
    August 24 · 1 min

    第3121期:The 200th anniversary of the U.S. Botanic Garden

    Visitors come to the U.S. Botanic Garden to enjoy the variety of plants and the peace and serenity of nature. This woman works nearby. 游客们来到美国国家植物园观赏各类植物，享受大自然带来的和平与宁静。这位女士在附近工作。 "Feels like a forest in a city, so I can be thinking about something else that worked for almost for 5 minutes, which is sometimes very nice." “感觉就像城市里的森林，这样我能有大约五分钟时间思考其他事情。这一点很赞。” Located on the national mall, the Botanic Garden is made up of 65,000 indoor and outdoor plants, some more than 165 years old. 这座植物园位于国家购物中心，植物园里共有65000株室内和室外植物，有的已经生长了165年多了。 Inside the conservatory, the greenhouse, there are rooms with plants that thrive in different environments, like this tropical room. 温室里有很多不同的房间，这些植物在不同的环境里生长，比如这间热带植物房。 Since its beginning, visitors have been educated about the value of plants. 从建园开始，植物园就一直向参观者们展示植物的价值。 "We still have a very important role to play in educating people about the importance of plants, “我们在向公众普及植物重要性方面仍扮演着至关重要的角色。 particularly in urban audiences where people may not have a direct connection to a farm, may not understand where food in particular comes from." 尤其是对城市居民而言，他们可能从未接触过农场，甚至不清楚食物究竟从何而来。” One of the Garden's main attractions are the four thousand orchid plants that come from around the world. 植物园的主要景点之一是来自世界各地的四千株兰花。 During the annual spring orchid show, a sea of flowers bloom including some that are endangered. 在一年一度的春季兰花展上，花海绽放，其中还包括一些濒危品种。 During the Christmas season, a very popular exhibit showcases toy trains, chugging through plants and structures made from plant-based materials. 圣诞节期间会有一场很受欢迎的展览，玩具小火车穿梭于由植物材料制成的植物和建筑之间。 As part of the bicentennial, the newest exhibit "Deeply Rooted, Branching Outward", 作为建园二百周年庆典的一部分，最新的展览“深根延展”， highlights the scientific exploration of plants, which the garden hopes will give visitors. 突出展示了人类对植物的科学探索，园方期望借此为游客带来启发。 "So just a greater appreciation for plants, for plant discovery, for plant exploration." “我们可以更好地观赏植物、重视植物发现、关注植物探索。” The U.S. Botanic Garden is free and open every day, with more than 1 million visitors a year. 美国国家植物园每天都免费开放， 每年有100多万游客。 It has enlightened its guests for two centuries and will continue to for generations to come. 过去两百年以来，它一直启发着游客，并将继续为后世带来启示。

  • #19
    August 23 · 2 min

    第3120期:Americans pay tribute to Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

    Candles, flowers, and handcrafted signs surround the United States Supreme Court in memory of justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg who died Friday. It just kind of crushed me. 蜡烛、鲜花和手工制作的标语环绕在美国最高法院周围，以纪念周五去世的大法官露丝·巴德·金斯伯格。这真的让我心碎。 While Ginsburg's health had been deteriorating for the past several years, her death stunned many Americans including president Donald Trump. 尽管金斯伯格的健康状况在过去几年里一直在恶化，但她的去世还是令包括总统唐纳德·特朗普在内的许多美国人感到震惊。 She led an amazing life. What else can you say? She was an amazing woman. 她度过了非凡的一生。你还能说什么呢？她是一位了不起的女性。 Whether you agreed or not, she was an amazing woman who led an amazing life. I'm actually saddened to hear that. I am saddened to hear that. 无论你是否认同，她都是一位拥有非凡人生的非凡女性。听到这个消息我真的很难过。 Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said she was not only a giant in the legal profession but a beloved figure. 民主党总统候选人乔·拜登表示，她不仅是法律界的巨擘，还是一位深受爱戴的人物。 She practiced the highest American ideals as a Justice: equality and justice under the law, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg stood for all of us. 作为大法官，她践行了美国最崇高的理想：法律面前人人平等与正义；露丝·巴德·金斯伯格代表着我们所有人。 I don't know a woman who's not going to be affected by this, I don't know a single one. 我认识的所有女性都受到了她的影响。 Ginsburg's advocacy for women's rights propelled her beyond legal stardom and into American pop culture. 金斯伯格对女性权利的倡导使她不仅成为法律界的明星，还融入了美国流行文化。 People started calling her the Notorious RBG, a reference to the famed rap artist Notorious B.I.G. 人们开始称她为“声名狼藉的RBG”，这是对著名说唱歌手声名狼藉先生的致敬。 Her status as a cultural icon grew when it was discovered the octogenarian worked out at the gym religiously, something that continued through the coronavirus pandemic. 当人们发现这位八旬老人一直坚持去健身房锻炼，甚至在新冠疫情期间也未曾中断时，她作为文化偶像的地位便愈发稳固。 Tributes to Ginsburg plastered the Brooklyn New York neighborhood in which she grew up. 向金斯伯格致敬的标语贴满了她成长的纽约布鲁克林社区。 William Brenneisen owns Ginsburg's childhood home. 威廉·布伦内森拥有金斯伯格童年时期的故居。 We've been here 47 years and we still hear her name during the course of all year, so she's not really forgotten. 我们在这里已经47年了，一整年里我们仍会时不时听到她的名字，所以她并没有真正被遗忘。 It was not lost on American Jews that Ginsburg died on the eve of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. 美国犹太人都注意到，金斯伯格是在犹太新年前夕去世的。 But it was her fierce defense of women's rights that defines how she is being remembered. 但正是她对女性权利的坚定捍卫，定义了人们如何铭记她。 Well, she stood up for women. She was not swayed, easily swayed. 她为女性发声。她不会轻易动摇。 And she just had people's best interests at heart, viewed the world differently to a lot of men. I have great respect for her. 她只是把人们的最大利益放在心上，看待世界的方式与许多男性不同。我非常尊敬她。 Ginsburg will be buried at Arlington National Cemetery, next to her husband Martin who died in 2010. 金斯伯格将被安葬在阿灵顿国家公墓，与她2010年去世的丈夫马丁葬在一起。

  • #20
    August 22 · 2 min

    第3119期:Life on Venus

    Good news this week for explorers seeking extraterrestriallife. 本周对于寻找外星生命的探险家来说是个好消息。 Scientists say they have detected a gas called phosphine swirling in the highly acidic clouds of venus. 科学家表示，他们在金星酸性极高的云层中探测到了一种名为磷化氢的气体。 But the European Southern Observatory's Itziar de Gregorio says it is probably too soon to say life exists on the planet. 但欧洲南方天文台的伊齐亚尔·德·格雷戈里奥表示，现在就说这颗行星上存在生命可能还为时过早。 This doesn't mean that we discovered extraterrestriallife on venus far from it. 这并不意味着我们在遥远的金星上发现了外星生命。 It is possible that we are unaware of a chemical that produces this phosphine and we have to investigate in that direction. 可能存在某种我们尚未发现的化学物质能产生这种磷化氢，我们必须朝这个方向展开调查。 The quest to study Venus began in 1960 with the Pioneer 5 space probe. 对金星的研究始于1960年的先驱者5号太空探测器。 But with this week's development, there's heightened interest in the planet. 但是随着本周的研究发展，人们对这颗行星的兴趣大增。 On earth, bacteria thriving in oxygen-starved environments like sewers and intestines produce the gas phosphine. 在地球上，细菌在缺氧环境中（如下水道和肠道）大量繁殖，会产生磷化氢气体。 The discovery on Venus is raisingspeculationthat microbial life exists there. 金星上的发现引起了人们对那里存在微生物生命的猜测。 But de Gregorio adds that the phosphine source could simply be something researchers have yet to study. 但德·格雷戈里奥补充说，磷化氢的来源可能仅仅是研究人员尚未研究的某种物质。 In other news that could be ripped from the pages of a science fiction novel, NASA and the European Space Agency or ESA joined forces this week to build a spacecraft to deflect an earthbound asteroid. 在其他仿佛是从科幻小说里摘录出来的新闻中，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲航天局（ESA）本周联手建造一艘航天器，旨在改变一颗可能撞向地球的小行星的轨道。 This mission is essentially a demonstration so we can understand how these technologies could be used. 这次任务本质上是一次演示，以便我们能够了解这些技术如何被应用。 It's like billiards. Small force hits the asteroid that is heading for earth which should create an aversion. 这就像打台球一样。用较小的力量撞击朝着地球飞来的小行星，这样应该能使其偏离轨道。 And we want to practice this, so that we are ready if an asteroid is actually heading for us. 我们想进行这种演练，以便在小行星真的朝我们飞来时能做好准备。 NASA is set to launch a craft in June 2021 on a collision course with the asteroid to attempt altering its flight path. NASA计划于2021年6月发射一艘航天器，使其与小行星相撞，试图改变其飞行路径。 If the mission succeeds, the ESA will launch a follow-up in 2024. 如果任务成功，欧洲航天局将在2024年启动后续行动。 In other news, images from space showed the vast and ancient icesheetatop greenland shed a 113 square kilometer chunk of ice last month. 来自太空的图像显示，格陵兰岛顶部广袤而古老的冰盖上个月脱落了一块面积达113平方公里的冰块。 The new research is yet another piece important piece of evidence showing that it's really time we stop hitting the snooze button and wake up to the climate emergency. 这项新研究是又一项重要证据，表明我们真的该停止拖延，正视气候紧急状况了。 We need to curb climate emissions right now immediately. 我们现在需要立即控制气候排放。 And we need to create a network of ocean sanctuaries covering at least a third of the blue planet if we are to take climate crisis seriously. 如果我们要认真对待气候危机，就需要建立一个海洋保护区网络，使其覆盖这个蓝色星球至少三分之一的区域。 Dr Laura Meller from Greenpeace says the time to act is now. 绿色和平组织的劳拉·梅勒博士表示，现在就是采取行动的时候了。 As more ice melts, experts say more dark water appears in its place, absorbing heat, further accelerating the process of melting ice and rising seas. 随着更多冰层融化，专家表示，更多深色海水会出现在原本冰层的位置，吸收热量，进一步加速冰层融化和海平面上升的过程。 And finally, UNESCO certifies Italy's Saint-Barthelemy valley as a Starlight Stellar Park, meaning it's one of the best places on earth to look up at the sky. 最后，联合国教科文组织认证意大利的圣巴特岛山谷为星光公园，这意味着它是地球上观赏天空的最佳地点之一。 The northern Italian municipality takes this designation seriously, having recently replaced lampposts with special LEDs that do not shine up. 意大利北部的这个自治市非常重视这一称号，最近刚刚把路灯柱换成了不会向上照射的特殊发光二极管灯。

  • #20
    August 21 · 48 sec

    第3118期:Chimpanzees build trust through touch

    Anyone who watches team sports may be familiar with the sight of players joining a huddle before a big match. Researchers studying chimpanzees and bonobos in African sanctuaries found our closest ape relatives do something similar before feeding time, one of the most competitive moments in their day. 经常观看团队体育比赛的人，对赛前队员们围成一圈加油打气的场景应该不会陌生。在非洲多家灵长类动物保护区研究黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩的科研人员们发现，这些与人类亲缘关系最近的类人猿在喂食时间前也会有类似的举动。喂食时间是它们一天中竞争最激烈的时刻之一。 As they waited for food, the apes touched, embraced and sometimes kissed one another. Those with the most reassuring physical interactions were more likely to feed peacefully alongside others. 在等待食物时，这些类人猿会彼此接触、拥抱，有时还会亲吻。那些在进食前进行较多安抚性身体接触的个体，更有可能与同伴一起和睦地进食。 The researchers believe this behaviour may date back at least seven million years, suggesting that using touch to build trust and cooperation is an ancient social skill shared by humans and great apes alike. 研究人员认为，这种行为或能追溯到至少 700 万年前，表明通过肢体接触来建立信任和合作关系是人类和大型类人猿共同拥有的一项古老的社交技能。

  • #20
    August 20 · 32 sec

    第3117期:World's most expensive dinosaur

    It was initially valued at $30 million, but Gus, as the T-rex has been affectionately named, went for much more after a bidding battle that lasted over 10 minutes. Cassandra Hatton, worldwide head of natural history at Sotheby's, said the price reflected the time to excavate and reconstruct the specimen and its quality. 这具霸王龙化石被亲切地命名为 “格斯”，最初估价为 3000 万美元。然而，在持续十多分钟的激烈竞拍后，其最终成交价远远超过预估价格。苏富比全球自然史业务负责人卡桑德拉·哈顿表示，成交价反映了发掘和复原这件标本所耗费的大量时间，以及标本本身的品质。 Standing at 12.5 feet tall and with more than 60% of the bones recovered, it is one of the most complete specimens of its kind. We are unlikely to find out the identity of the buyer immediately. Time will tell if the dinosaur is coming to a museum near you. 该标本高 12.5 英尺，已发现并回收的骨骼超过整体的 60%，是现存最完整的霸王龙标本之一。我们可能无法立即得知买家的身份。只有时间才能揭晓，这具霸王龙化石未来是否会在你附近的博物馆展出。

  • #19
    August 19 · 2 min

    第3116期:The art of farts

    It's a topic people usually avoid, yet it's a universal human experience. Flatulence, affectionately known as farting, is simply the releasing of gas from the backside. The word itself traces back to the Latin 'flatus', which literally means 'a blowing' or 'wind.' While it is often the butt of the joke, we do it for very practical reasons, which boil down to digestion. Most mammals have a complex, symbiotic relationship with their gut microbes which break down food. Digestion requires a lengthy process of fermentation, and flatulence is simply the inevitable byproduct of these hard-working bacteria. Passing gas is a sign of a highly functioning digestive system. 这是人们通常回避的话题，但却是人类的普遍经历。 胀气，被亲切地称为放屁，简单来说就是气体从背部释放出来。 这个词本身可以追溯到拉丁语“flatus”，字面意思是“吹”或“风”。 虽然这通常是笑话的笑柄，但我们这样做是出于非常实际的原因，归根结底就是为了消化。 大多数哺乳动物与分解食物的肠道微生物有着复杂的共生关系。 消化需要漫长的发酵过程，而胀气正是这些辛勤工作的细菌不可避免的副产品。 排气是消化系统功能强大的标志。 But we humans aren't the only mammals that like to let one off. In 2017, National Geographic and the BBC reported the results of an online survey. It revealed some incredibly unlikely farters, like zebras, which have been documented farting withevery single step whilst running away from predators. On a bigger scale, cow flatulence and burps are packed with methane, a potent greenhouse gas that is actively driving global climate change. And, if you've ever had a domesticated pet, you might've even blamed your own farts on them! I know I have. 但我们人类并不是唯一喜欢放纵的哺乳动物。 2017年，《国家地理》和BBC报道了一项在线调查的结果。 它揭示了一些令人难以置信的放屁动物，比如斑马，有记录显示，它们在逃避捕食者时每走一步都会放屁。 从更大的范围来看，奶牛的胀气和打嗝充满了甲烷，这是一种强效温室气体，正在积极推动全球气候变化。 而且，如果您曾经养过宠物，您甚至可能会将自己的屁归咎于它们！ 我知道我有。 There are other fascinating examples of farting from the animal kingdom. The Sonoran coral snake expels air forcefully to startle predators when it's in danger. In an article published on The Conversation, it's mentioned that herring, a type of fish, will release gas as a way to communicate with each other that predators are nearby. It was also written in IFLScience that the beaded lacewing, a type of larva, can take down six termites with one fart! 动物王国还有其他有趣的放屁例子。 索诺兰珊瑚蛇在遇到危险时会用力喷出空气来惊吓捕食者。 在《对话》上发表的一篇文章中提到，鲱鱼是一种鱼类，它会释放气体，作为相互交流捕食者就在附近的一种方式。 《IFLScience》上还写道，珠状草蛉是一种幼虫，一个屁就能消灭六只白蚁！ So it seems that some animals pass gas as an evolutionary survival tactic. Those not so 'silent but deadly' farts can ward off predators as well as let others know that there's potential danger. While farts for us are mainly the result of digestion, perhaps, like the Sonoran snake, herring and beaded lacewing, we could embrace the breeze and utilise them against our enemies? Hahaha, just joking! 所以看来有些动物放屁是一种进化的生存策略。 那些不那么“无声但致命”的屁可以抵御掠食者，也可以让其他人知道存在潜在的危险。 虽然放屁对我们来说主要是消化的结果，但也许，像索诺兰蛇、鲱鱼和串珠草蛉一样，我们可以拥抱微风，利用它们来对抗我们的敌人？ 哈哈哈，开玩笑啦！

  • #20
    August 18 · 2 min

    第3115期:Gen Z's love of the past

    Today's youth are reinventing what it means to be cool. A surprising number of Gen Zers are actively looking to the past. They are choosing to romanticise old-school tech relics like CDs, wired headphones, and weighty digital cameras. This love for all things vintage extends into their wardrobes with a massive resurgence of Y2K (year 2000) fashion. Friday nights are increasingly filled with board games and classic card games. So why exactly is the most digitally advanced generation trying so hard to rewind? 当今的年轻人正在重新定义“酷”的含义。 数量惊人的 Z 世代正在积极回顾过去。 他们选择将 CD、有线耳机和笨重的数码相机等老式科技文物浪漫化。 随着 Y2K（2000 年）时尚的大规模复兴，这种对所有复古事物的热爱也延伸到了他们的衣柜中。 周五晚上越来越多地充满了棋盘游戏和经典纸牌游戏。 那么，为什么数字化最先进的一代人如此努力地尝试倒带呢？ The answer lies in a desire to slow down and find comfort. Growing up as digital natives has its perks, but Profectus Magazine reveals that around 80% of Gen Z adults worry their generation is far too dependent on technology, while three-quarters feel social media is affecting their mental health. Swapping music streaming for physical CDs or endless social media scrolling for a tactile board game allows them to unplug and step away from the digital noise. 答案在于渴望放慢脚步并寻找安慰。 成长为数字原住民有其好处，但 Profectus 杂志透露，大约 80% 的 Z 世代成年人担心他们这一代人过于依赖技术，而四分之三的人认为社交媒体正在影响他们的心理健康。 将音乐流转为实体 CD，或将无尽的社交媒体滚动转为触觉棋盘游戏，让他们能够摆脱数字噪音。 This analogue revival could actually be good for everyone. Research by psychologist Dr. Clay Routledge shows that engaging with nostalgic media and traditions can dramatically boost positive moods, reduce anxiety and help people cope with daily stress. It suggests that nostalgia can act as a stabilising, hopeful force, helping a young generation build social confidence. 这种模拟技术的复兴实际上对每个人都有好处。 Research by psychologist Dr. Clay Routledge shows that engaging with nostalgic media and traditions can dramatically boost positive moods, reduce anxiety and help people cope with daily stress. 它表明，怀旧可以成为一种稳定、充满希望的力量，帮助年轻一代建立社会信心。 Yet, all of this begs a fascinating question – can a generation truly yearn for a life they never actually lived? Studies published in Profectus Magazine show that nearly 70% of Gen Z adults experience a unique kind of historical nostalgia for eras that predated their own birth. GWI, a global market research company, reports that young people are looking back at the past through rose-tinted glasses, viewing it as a time of genuine human interaction. 然而，所有这一切都引出了一个令人着迷的问题——一代人真的能够向往他们从未真正经历过的生活吗？ Profectus 杂志发表的研究表明，近 70% 的 Z 世代成年人对自己出生之前的时代有一种独特的历史怀旧之情。 全球市场研究公司 GWI 报告称，年轻人正在带着有色眼镜回顾过去，将其视为真正的人际互动时代。 Though there have been mixed reactions from millennials, ultimately, Gen Z's obsession with the past suggests that no matter how advanced our gadgets get, human beings may always desire a simpler way of living. For a generation that grew up entirely online, going vintage isn't just a fashion statement, it's a total vibe. 虽然千禧一代的反应不一，但 Z 世代对过去的痴迷最终表明，无论我们的设备变得多么先进，人类可能总是渴望一种更简单的生活方式。 对于完全在网上长大的一代人来说，复古不仅仅是一种时尚宣言，更是一种整体氛围。

  • #19
    August 17 · 2 min

    第3114期:A major art exhibition exploring the achievement

    A major new exhibition in the heart of Washington celebrates the artistic achievements, of Native American women with more than 80 works of art. 华盛顿市中心的一个大型全新展览展出了八十多件艺术品， 以此庆祝美国土著妇女的艺术成就。 Parts of our people, Native women artists is the first exhibit of its kind, says Anya Montiel,curatorof American and Native American Women's Art and Crafts, at the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. 史密森尼美国艺术博物馆伦威克美术馆的美国和美洲土著妇女艺术与手工艺品策展人安雅·蒙蒂尔说，作为我们民族的一部分，土著女性艺术家是首类参与此类展览的人群。 There have been other exhibitions in the past that have featured only Native women artists. But those exhibitions tended to future contemporary art. 在过去的展览中，只有土著女性艺术家参加。但这些展览倾向于面向未来的当代艺术。 So the curators of this show, they wanted to make sure that this exhibition is comprehensive, in the timespan as well as including many different artistic mediums as possible. 本次展览的策展人希望确保展览内容全面，不仅在时间跨度上，还要尽可能涵盖多种不同的艺术媒介。 Those mediums range from paintings, textiles and sculptures to baskets and even wearable art. 这些媒介涵盖了绘画、纺织品、雕塑、篮子，甚至还有可穿戴艺术。 The exhibit explores three central themes: legacy, relationship and power. 该展览探索了三个中心主题：遗产、关系和权力。 Legacy is really talking about continuum. A lot of these artists have learned these traditions from their ancestors. 遗产实际上讨论的是连续体。这些艺术家中的许多人都是从祖先那里学习到这些传统的。 Adorned with teeth from hunted elk, it took many years to gather enough to decorate a single dress. 这件服饰以猎获的麋鹿牙齿作为装饰，耗费多年才收集到足够数量来点缀一整件衣裳。 So you have this dress that is put together by the women of the family, but with this beautiful decoration, that really shows the legacy of the entire family. 这件衣服是由家庭中的女性共同缝制，但配上这精美的装饰，真正展现了整个家族的传承。 The theme of relationship represents the connection between humans and the earth. 关系的主题代表了人与地球之间的联系。 This one is called Wisdom of the Universe by Christi Belcourt. And it looks like beadwork, but it's actually all painting in acrylic. 这幅作品名为“宇宙的智慧”，作者是克里斯蒂·贝尔考特。它看起来像是珠饰，但实际上都是用丙烯颜料绘制的。 And upon closer inspection, the insects the birds and the plants are actually endangered species, and so it's really presenting to us what are we going to do about this. 仔细观察可以发现，这些昆虫、鸟类和植物实际上都是濒危物种，它真的在向我们提出一个问题：我们该如何应对这一状况。 The theme of power speaks to the authority of Native women within their nations. 权力的主题讲述了土著妇女在她们社会内的权威。 Especially for the Muscogee Creek, they are matrilineal nation. The women were the ones who made the decisions, especially about whether or not they were going to go to war. 尤其是对于马斯科基民族来说，他们是母系氏族。女人们才是做决策的人，尤其是关于是否要参战的决策。 Visitors did the exhibit had an emotional response. 参观者对这些作品有着强烈的感触。 The last piece I was just looking at how to scar from shoulder to her hip, and the trauma of the culture that has been really traumatized by another was extremely impactful. 我看的最后一幅作品展示了从肩膀到臀部的疤痕，以及一种文化受到另一种文化重创所带来的伤痛 ，这极具冲击力。 One over there with the girl and the scar in the back that was really powerful. I don't know. It's just like, I wanted to cry when I saw it. 那边有个女孩，后背有一道伤疤，真的给我很强烈的冲击。不知道为什么，看着这幅作品我就想哭。 And that's the point of this exhibit, expose people to the variety of artwork created by Native American women, who may never have received the credit they deserve. 这就是这次展览的意义所在， 让人们接触到美国土著妇女创作的各种艺术品， 她们可能从未得到应有的赞誉。 This exhibition has so many testaments of these women saying that, despite everything that's happened to Native women, the cultures and the traditions are still so strong. 这场展览汇集了众多女性的证言，她们诉说着尽管原住民女性经历了种种磨难，但文化与传统的生命力依然如此顽强。 This touring exhibit remains in Washington until May. 该巡回展览将在华盛顿展出到五月。

  • #20
    August 16 · 1 min

    第3113期:Climate change survivors – Coral reefs

    So far,this thriving and unique coral reef in Red Sea waters off Egypt is a climate change survivor. 到目前为止，埃及红海水域中这片繁茂而独特的珊瑚礁是气候变化的幸存者。 While warmer waters bleach reefs everywhere, the ecosystem in the Gulf of Aqaba stands strong, and may hold the key to receding other reefs if it can survive the crowds of tourists. 虽然水温上升导致全球珊瑚礁白化， 但亚喀巴湾的生态系统仍然很稳健，如果它能在游客潮中生存下来，或许就掌握着拯救其他珊瑚礁的关键。 Obviously we're in a tourist town. So it's very important with this influx of humans to keep awareness high, and you know most of town relies on the dive industry. 毫无疑问，这里是一个旅游小镇。随着大量游客涌入，保持高度警觉至关重要，要知道镇上大部分经济都依赖潜水产业。 Amy Johnson co-founded the citizen science venture project Azraq. 艾米·约翰逊是公民科学风险项目阿兹拉克(Azraq)的共同创办者。 The marine conservation group educates local communities on how to protect coral reef ecosystems. 海洋保护组织会教育当地社区如何保护珊瑚礁生态系统。 Basically we collect data on fish, invertebrates, coral and coral diseases. 我们会收集有关鱼类、无脊椎动物、珊瑚和珊瑚疾病的数据。 All the data we collect gives us an insight into the health of the reef. 我们收集的所有数据都能让我们深入了解珊瑚礁的健康状况。 So that chosen the species, we want to chose some specifically, because that indicates the reef health. 我们会选择一些特定的物种，因为它们能反映珊瑚礁的健康状况。 On this day, the team dives to perform a monthly reef monitoring survey. 在这一天，团队潜水执行每月一次的珊瑚礁监测调查。 To conduct their research, the team places a six-meter-long line, and then logs all nearby inhabitants that indicate a healthy ecosystem. 为了开展研究，研究小组放置了一条六米长的线，然后记录下附近所有能够表明生态系统健康的生物情况。 Project Azraq co-founder Nour El Sawy: One of the things we look for are damselfish. 阿兹拉克项目的联合创始人努尔·艾尔萨维：我们要找的东西之一就是雀鲷。 They are very small and reef associated which means they live in close proximity to the coral reef. They eat the algae. They are farmers. 它们非常小，与珊瑚礁关系密切，生活在离珊瑚礁很近的地方。它们吃藻类，是海洋中的农民。 They make sure corals are cleans canbreatheand are not suffocating from algae growth. 他们确保珊瑚得到清洁、能够呼吸，不会因为藻类的生长而窒息。 Tourism draws divers to this coral reef which forms the backbone of the economy into hub. 旅游业吸引潜水者来到这片珊瑚礁，它构成了当地经济的支柱。 But the industry also adds to the junk piling up on the ocean floor. 但该行业也使堆积在海底的垃圾不断增加。 Team project Azraq has a dive against debris initiative where they collect and sort underwater trash, which they then enter into a database, that tells them which items caused the most damage in their area. 阿兹拉克项目发起了一项清理海洋垃圾的潜水行动，他们收集并分类海底垃圾，然后将这些信息录入数据库，该系统能精准分析出哪些垃圾对当地生态环境造成的破坏最为严重。

  • #20
    August 15 · 1 min

    第3112期:From Farm to Table: Blockchain Technology Will Bring Transformation

    In a fantasy world, a celebrity chef like Aaron Sanchez would prepare all of your meals, and use only sustainably sourced organic produce. 在幻想世界里，像亚伦·桑切斯这样的名厨会为你准备所有餐食，并且只使用原料来源可持续的有机农产品。 Reality is everyone has to shop for and prepare our own food at some point. 现实是每个人在某个时刻都得自己去采购和准备食物。 How can you be sure that you're getting the best ingredients? 你怎么能确定你买到的是最好的食材呢？ That those organic vegetables are in fact organic. IBM thinks the solution lies in blockchain technology. 怎么能确定那些有机蔬菜真的是有机的呢？IBM认为解决方案在于区块链技术。 IBM is connecting the world's food supply from farmer to producer, supplier to manufacturer. IBM正在将全球食品供应链从农民到生产商、从供应商到制造商连接起来。 And so we're connecting it in a secure, shared platform which is blockchain. 我们将其连接到一个安全的共享平台，即区块链。 A blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger, where transactions are recorded, verified and become permanent and immutable. 区块链是一种去中心化的数字账本，会记录并验证每一笔交易，并且将永久留存，不可改变。 With IBM Food Trust, a record of food's journey through the supply chain is created at each step. How exactly does it work? 借助IBM食物信托平台，食品在供应链中的每一步旅程都会被记录。具体是如何运作的呢？ So blockchain uses cryptography and we use hashing. And what that means is the information is connected to each other, and if you try to change the information, it changes the hashing, so that you know it has been compromised. 区块链使用密码学，我们使用散列算法。这意味着信息之间相互关联，如果你试图更改信息，便会更改散列值，这样你就知道信息已被篡改。 And the technology can be used for any number of foods, fresh or packaged. 这项技术可以用于任何数量的食品，无论是新鲜的还是包装的。 So our consumer can scan a package of scallops, and understand that it's coming from a place that sustainably source, and it is fresh and the best-tasting scallops. 我们的消费者可以扫描一包扇贝，了解它来自可持续捕捞的产地，新鲜味美、口感最佳。 For chefs like Sanchez, blockchain technology helps engender trust around the food distribution and handling process. 对于像桑切斯这样的厨师来说，区块链技术有助于在食品分销和处理过程中建立信任。 Before I mean you know the farmer would send it to a middle person, a distributor, and the distributor would send it to us, so it was one entity removed from the actual farmer. 以前农民会把食材交给中间商，也就是分销商，然后分销商再转交给我们，我们和农民之间隔了一个环节。 A foods traceability becomes especially pertinent in the wake of foodborne outbreaks. 食品溯源在食源性疾病暴发后变得尤为重要。 You know, instead of decimating the whole farm because there was one outbreak, now we can isolate to that one little parcel. 以前一旦爆发疫情就得毁掉整个农场，现在我们可以只将隔离范围缩小到那一小块区域。 With blockchain, farm-to-table takes on a new meaning. 借助区块链技术，从农场到餐桌被赋予了全新的含义。

  • #19
    August 14 · 2 min

    第3111期:Adaptive fashion products

    Welsh born designer Lucy Jones says she's been interested in fashion since she was a child, starting when her parents gave her a sewing machine. 威尔士出生的设计师露西·琼斯表示她从小就对时尚感兴趣，这始于父母送给她一台缝纫机的时候。 When I was 19 years old, I was really feisty, fiery, brave. I thought moving all the way to New York from Wales, where there are more sheep than people. 当我十九岁的时候，我真的很活泼、充满热情、非常勇敢。我想从威尔士一路搬到纽约，在威尔士，那里羊的数量甚至比人多。 I wanted to be the next big designer that was gonna have these glamorous runway shows. 我想成为下一个能举办这些迷人时装秀的大设计师。 I was never thinking about disability. I was never thinking about, you know, underserved people. And then something changed. 我从来没有考虑过残疾人群。从来没有考虑过底层人群的需求。但是事情发生了转机。 With most of the fashion industry serving the average healthy person, Jones didn't want to become just one of many. She wanted to be special. 由于大多数时尚业都是为普通健康人服务的，琼斯不想成为众多时尚产业中的一员。她想要与众不同。 I started talking with a family member who has cerebral palsy. 我开始和一位患有脑瘫的家庭成员交流我的想法。 And he said wouldn't it be great if things were more accessible, you know, doing up a pair of shoes independently and things I had never thought about. 他说，如果能让残疾人群的生活变得更加容易就好了， 比如独立系鞋带之类的，这些都是我从未想过的。 So Jones began to think about how a fashion designer can make the lives of disabled people easier and more beautiful. 于是琼斯开始思考，时装设计师如何能够让残疾人的生活变得更轻松、更美丽。 She raised this question with people she knew or found through social media, one of them Brianna Scalesse who models Jones's clothes, recalls the first time she saw the product. 她向认识的人或在社交媒体上找到的人提出了这个问题，其中一位是为琼斯的衣服做模特的布里安娜·斯卡利西，她回忆起第一次看到这款产品时的情景。 We were in a cafe and we were sitting down, and she just like pulled the product out of a bag to show me. 我们在一家咖啡馆里坐下来，她从袋子里拿出这款产品给我看， And it was emotional for me, because I've been so used to growing up and being a person with a disability, kind of being ignored by the world and by fashion. 我特别激动，因为我已经习惯了作为一个残疾人的生活， 我们经常会被世界和时尚界所忽视。 The release of her first collection in 2015, coincided with the 25th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act. 其产品的第一个系列于2015年发布， 恰逢美国残疾人法案颁布二十五周年。 And her work was noticed. Jones started with accessories that she presented at a special event. 其产品引起了人们的关注。琼斯从她在一场特别活动中展示的配饰开始做起。 A challenge many wheelchair-bound people face is, there is nowhere to put a hot drink as they wheel. So she designed a special cup holder and a purse holder. 许多坐轮椅的人面临的一个挑战是，他们在推动轮椅时无处放置热饮。。所以她设计了一个特殊的杯架和一个皮包架。 Just regular purses, you know, like trying to like just throw it over your shoulder, and every time I'm rolling, it's just falling down,like into my chair. 如果是普通的皮包，我们一般会这样搭在肩膀上，可每次我滑动轮椅，它就会掉到轮椅上。 And after that event, a number of people from the audience, ambassadors just said, I want to invest. Her products quickly became a huge success. 在那次活动之后， 许多观众和代表都纷纷表示想要投资。她的产品很快就大获成功。

  • #20
    August 13 · 1 min

    第3110期:Women can also work in the construction industry

    A nine-to-five office job isn't for these women. 朝九晚五的办公室工作不适合这些女性。 Instead, they work construction and they do it for the same reasons the men do, because they find construction work more fulfilling. 相反，她们从事建筑工作，她们从事该行业的原因和男人一样，因为她们觉得建筑工作更有成就感。 Being able to see the bigger picture, being a part of something bigger, so driving by the building be like, 建筑行业能够让我看到更宏大的愿景，成为更伟大事业的一部分，有时路过某栋建筑，我就会想， I built that building to your family, or to your kids in the future, that's kind of why I did it, just to be a part of something bigger. 这是我为你们的家人、为你们未来的孩子所建造的， 这就是我从事这一行业的原因，它让我能够成为某种宏大愿景的一部分。 Before they start working,these women taken mandatory training course at a special center. 在开始工作之前，这些女性在一个特殊的中心参加了强制性的培训课程。 And many of them say it teaches them not just to construct buildings, but also build a harmonious relationship with themselves. 许多人表示，这不仅教会了她们如何建造建筑， 还教会了她们与自己建立和谐的关系。 I think it's for me, personally, it's a constant battle on gaining confidence, but this job has definitely helped it. 我想对我个人来说，这是一场获取信心的持续斗争， 这份工作确实对我有所帮助。 I don't think I would be as confident as I am now working in another field. 如果我现在从事的是另一个行业，我觉得我可能不会像现在这样自信。 Today women make up about 10 percent of all construction workers in the country. 如今，女性约占全国建筑工人总数的百分之十。 All the workers need are a few tools, a helmet, special protective glasses, training,and self-confidence. 建筑工人只需要几样工具，一顶安全帽，专用护目镜，并且要接受培训、建立自信。 Kelly Kupcak has been working in construction for over two decades. 凯利·卡普丘克已经在建筑业工作了二十多年。 For the last three years, she has been head of the Tradeswomen organization, a company that has been helping women in Portland Oregon, to master construction work for free. 在过去的三年里，她一直是Tradeswomen组织的负责人， 这家公司一直在免费帮助俄勒冈州波特兰妇女掌握建筑工作技能。 Kupcak also helps them find a job, something a lot of them need because it's harder for women to break into the business. 卡普丘克还帮助她们找到工作，这是许多人需要的，因为女性更难进入这一行业。 I also saw some really hard things, and I experienced some really hard things as a woman, in an industry that still dominated by men, and an industry which I think is changing. 作为一名女性，我目睹并且亲身经历了一些非常艰难的事情，因为我所处的行业仍然由男性主导，但我认为这个行业正在发生变化。 But back then, it was still largely this very macho like, why are you here, why are you here taking my job, 但在当时，这一行业很大程度上仍然是属于男人的，人们会质问：你为什么要来这里？为什么要抢走我的工作？ why are you here taking a job from another man who has to feed his family, and I was like, I have to feed my family too. 为什么要夺走另一个需要养家糊口的男人的饭碗？而我的回应是：我也需要养家啊。 So that was a big eye-opening experience for me firsthand. 对我来说，这是一次让我大开眼界的亲身经历。

  • #20
    August 12 · 3 min

    第3109期:Move the statue

    I was watching the world news of all these statues coming down and all this national attention to these iconic figures of history and what they represent and the energy and power that it generated through Black Lives Matter. 我当时正在看全球新闻，看到所有这些雕像被推倒，看到全国都在关注这些具有标志性意义的历史人物以及他们所代表的意义，还有“黑人的命也是命”运动所引发的那种能量和影响力。 People who are angry, people who are vandalizing and getting out all this anger and frustration of all these generations of all colors. 愤怒的人们，破坏公物的人们，正在发泄不同肤色人群几代人积累的愤怒和失望。 I called my tribal group. I sent them emails, "Look, something needs to happen here." 我联系了我的部族亲人，给他们发电子邮件：“我们这里得采取些行动了。” Father Serra was the man who came in, in the 1700s, to start establishing those missions all along Alta California. Here we were the workforce. 塞拉神父是在18世纪来到这里的人，他开始在整个上加利福尼亚地区建立那些传教站。而我们当时就是劳动力。 We were the ones that, my family, my direct family, my great grandfather was part of that mission system, that mission period. 我的家人，我的直系亲属，我的曾祖父曾参与过那个传教体系。 They were told, "You're going build this for us and you're going to change your way of life." 他们被告知：“你们要为我们建设这座城市，你们要改变自己的生活方式。” And the punishment for disobeying was physical punishment. As time went on and more people kept coming in, the diseases came in. 不遵守命令的后果就是体罚。随着时间的推移，越来越多的人不断涌入，疾病也随之而来。 That was a very detrimental time for us. It changed us completely and, in fact, left us to the point of near extinction. 那对我们来说是至暗时刻。疾病彻底改变了我们，让我们几乎死伤殆尽。 People are arguing that he isn't responsible for the cruelties and punishments and rape and genocide. 人们认为，这些残酷、惩罚、奸污和种族灭绝并不是塞拉神父的责任。 But he was knowledgeable and as an iconic figure of that time period, he represents all of that. 但他知识渊博，是那个时期的标志性人物，他代表了这座城市里发生的一切。 So, everything you see here as you look around, know that it was all Chumash land at one time and occupied for thousands and thousands of years with each village being separated from one another. 你环顾四周所看到的一切，都曾经是丘马什人的土地，这里被他们占领了数千年，每个村落都被相互隔开。 We want the city of Ventura to remove the statue. This statue representing the city, it really shouldn't. 我们希望文图拉市拆除这座雕像。这座雕像代表了这座城市，但这座城市不应该被它代表。 It should represent Catholicism and love of Jesus Christ in God in a proper setting. 这座雕像在合适的情境中体现天主教教义和对基督上帝的爱。 The aftermath of after he died and after sacralization, people were not set free. 在塞拉神父去世以及被神化之后，人们并没有获得自由。 They were in a sense, but they were still subservient to the next generation of people coming in, the pioneers. 从某种意义上说，他们确实得到解放了，但他们仍然屈从于即将到来的下一代人，也就是那些开拓者。 And then, you know, even today, we're still looked at and we face that prejudice and racism all my life. 即便是在今天，我们仍然被另眼相看，我们一生中都会面对种族歧视和偏见。 That, well, unless I look like you, otherwise I'm called the N-word, growing up. Good to see you, Father Tom. 除非我也长得像白人，否则别人就会用“黑鬼”这个词来叫我。很高兴见到你，汤姆神父。 I came to you first because this is the symbol of your devotion and the community, of the Catholic community that's here. It belongs to all of you. 我首先来找你们，是因为这座雕像是你信仰的象征，也是我们这里天主教社区的象征。它属于你们所有人。 One thing that our church and society has failed to do is to give properrecognitionand reconciliation. 我们的教会和社会未能做到的一件事就是给予适当的认可和理解。 But it's your land and your ancestors built that mission. And you informed me of a call for a protest to take the statue down. 但这是你的土地，是你的祖先建造了那座教堂。你告诉我有人呼吁举行抗议活动把雕像拆除。 And from that, we came up with a joint statement to say that we feel that it's probably time to relocate the statue. 我们发表了一份联合声明，表示我们认为可能是时候迁移那座雕像了。 But we want to do it with due process, with non-violence, something that can be replicated in other communities for respect and actually become a model because we could see what was happening in the nation. 但是我们想走正当的程序，拒绝暴力，做一些能在其他社区得到效仿、赢得尊重的事情，并且真正成为一个典范，因为我们知道美国正在发生一些很不好的事情。 Some people thought it was a great thing we signed that document. Other people thought it was the worst thing we should have done. So, we can't please all the people. 有些人认为我们签署那份文件是件了不起的事，也有些人觉得我们大错特错。我们不可能让所有人都满意。 The way that we want to see it, it would be the first time that City and Church and Indigenous Peoples have come together in this place. 我们希望看到的是，这将是城市、教会和原住民首次在此地齐聚一堂。 But ultimately it is the City of Ventura's Council that will ultimately make the decision to remove the statue. 但最终，将由文图拉市议会来做出移除这座雕像的决定。

  • #20
    August 11 · 3 min

    第3108期:The impact of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans

    It's the slave man talented. That's the problem. That's the heart of the problem. 有才华的是那些受压迫的人。这就是问题所在。这就是问题的核心。 We are inclined to do the things that we do because we don't feel like there's anything else we can do. 我们倾向于做那些我们正在做的事情，是因为我们觉得别无选择。 According to the documentary, Hurricane Katrina, which struck New Orleans 15 years ago, exacerbated crime and violence in the city by destroying the local economy and displacing some 400,000 residents. 根据纪录片所述，15年前袭击新奥尔良的飓风卡特里娜摧毁了当地经济，并使约40万居民流离失所，从而加剧了该市的犯罪与暴力问题。 It changed the dynamics of the city. It changed the neighborhoods. Whole neighborhoods were washed out. 它改变了城市的格局；它改变了社区的面貌。整个社区都被冲毁了。 And as people came trickling in, you know, they had lost their homes, they'd lost everything. 当人们陆续来到这里，他们已经失去了家园，失去了一切。 Post-Katrina destruction, displacement and crime in New Orleans is also the theme of the feature film drama, RZA's Cut Throat City. 卡特里娜飓风过后新奥尔良的破坏、居民流离失所和犯罪问题，也是罗伯特·菲茨杰拉德·迪格斯（RZA）执导的剧情长片《夺命城》的主题。 The film starts on a positive note with Blink, one of the main characters, a graphic novel artist dreaming for a better life. 电影以积极的基调开始，主角之一布林克是一位渴望更好生活的漫画艺术家。 But then Katrina strikes the Lower Ninth Ward, a low-income district and upends the life of Blink and his community. 但随后，卡特里娜飓风袭击了低收入社区下九区，打乱了布林克及其所在社区居民的生活。 Unable to get a job or get help from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, he turns to crime. 由于找不到工作，也得不到联邦紧急事务管理署的帮助，他走上了犯罪道路。 One heist leads to another, making it harder and harder for Blink to get out of a hopeless situation, 一个接一个的抢劫，让布林克越来越难以摆脱绝望的处境。 Hopelessness during post-Katrina New Orleans is RZA's theme. 卡特里娜飓风过后新奥尔良所弥漫的绝望感，正是RZA作品的核心主题。 The film also describes how corruption has been plaguing the city for generations. 这部电影还描述了腐败如何困扰这座城市数代人。 RZA's Cut Throat City appears to be a place where dreams of poverty-stricken African-Americans come to die. 《夺命城》似乎是贫困的非洲裔美国人梦想破灭的地方。 Still, the filmmaker says his film ends with the redemptive note that people have the power to turn their lives around. 尽管如此，这位电影制作人表示，他的影片最终以救赎性的基调收尾，即人们有能力改变自己的生活。 The lotus flower grows out of mud. Okay, the community could be mud, but a flower could grow out of it. 莲出淤泥而不染。社区或许如同淤泥，但花朵也能从中绽放。 I think everyone deserves a second chance or at least should have the option. 我认为每个人都应该有第二次机会，或者至少应该有这个选择。 Katrina's always been with us, set a bunch of different names. 卡特里娜一直和我们在一起，只是冠以了各种不同的名称。

  • #19
    August 10 · 1 min

    第3107期:Refugees from Turkey expelled in Greek waters

    Since this past February, VOA has talked toscores ofrefugees in Turkey who have tried and failed to get into Greece. 自今年二月以来，美国之音采访了土耳其境内数十名试图进入希腊但失败的难民。 Back then, the Turkish government was openly encouraging them to make the trip. 当时，土耳其政府公开鼓励他们进行偷渡。 But the Greek government has told them not to come and many refugees report being beaten, robbed, and then expelled after they arrived. 但希腊政府已告知他们不要前来，许多难民称，他们抵达后遭到殴打、抢劫，然后被驱逐出境。 In recent months, the stories have grown even more harrowing. 最近几个月，这些故事变得更加令人痛心。 Families tell of being abandoned at sea by Greek authorities on rubber boats without motors or fuel. 一些家庭讲述了他们被希腊当局遗弃在海上的经历，他们乘坐的是没有发动机和燃料的橡皮艇。 They dragged our rubber boat to water that seemed to be hidden by mountains and circled around us until we were bailing water out with our own hands. I thought the children would drown. 他们把我们的橡皮艇拖到了似乎被群山遮挡的水域，橡皮艇在水中打着转，最后我们只能用手往外舀水。我以为孩子们会被淹死。 Najma and her family were on their third attempt to reach Greece when their boat was stopped and their fuel was seized by what appeared to be Greek security forces. 纳吉玛和她的家人第三次试图抵达希腊时，他们的船被疑似希腊安全部队拦截，燃油也被没收了。 But they were lucky. A passenger had enough fuel hidden away to get them back to Turkey. 但他们很幸运。一名乘客藏了足够的燃料，让他们得以返回土耳其。 When they caught our boat, I woke up as we were dragged back into Turkish waters. 当他们追上我们的船时，我们被拖回土耳其海域，我醒了过来。 I wasn't scared until I thought they were going to rip open our boat with pikes. 直到我以为他们会用长矛刺穿我们的船时，我才感到害怕。 On a previous trip, they made it to the Greek islands. 在之前的一次旅行中，他们到达了希腊群岛。 But they were soon arrested and left on rafts at sea before they were rescued by the Turkish coast guard. 但他们很快就被逮捕，被扔在海上的木筏上，之后才被土耳其海岸警卫队救起。 The New York Times recently reported Greece has secretly expelled more than 1,000 people in recent months, abandoning many of them at sea outside of Greek territorial waters. 《纽约时报》最近报道称，希腊近几个月来已秘密驱逐了1000多人，还将其中许多人遗弃在希腊领海之外的海域。 But Greece has denied any illegal activity, noting that it has rescued tens of thousands of asylum seekers in recent years. 但希腊否认有任何非法活动，并指出近年来希腊已经解救了数以万计的寻求庇护者。 The government adds it protects European Union borders vigorously with tough but fair policies. 希腊政府补充说，它通过强硬但公平的政策大力保护欧盟边境。

  • #20
    August 9 · 40 sec

    第3106期:First dinosaur bone from Antarctica found in a drawer

    The ten-centimetre-wide fossil was unearthed during an expedition to James Ross Island four decades ago. 这块宽约 10 厘米的化石，是在四十年前一次对詹姆斯·罗斯岛的科学考察活动中出土的。 Its discovery was recorded in a field notebook with a tiny sketch of the fossil and a note saying vertebra from a large reptile. But that was as far as the identification went, until the fossil was spotted amongst the thousands of specimens stored at the British Antarctic Survey. 一本野外考察笔记记录了这块化石的发现，里面附有一幅简略的化石手绘草图，并写着这是一种大型爬行动物的椎骨。不过，对这块化石的鉴定工作当时仅止步于此，直到最近，有人在英国南极调查局保存的数千份样本中重新注意到了它。 Its distinctive shape revealed it was part of the tail of a titanosaur, the largest dinosaurs ever toroamthe Earth. It dates to 82 million years ago, when Antarctica was very different to how it is today. 它独特的形状显示，这块骨骼属于一只泰坦巨龙的尾部。泰坦巨龙是地球历史上已知体型最大的恐龙。这块化石距今约 8200 万年，当时的南极和它如今的面貌完全不同。 It would have been covered inlushforest, providing ample food for this four-legged, long-necked dinosaur. 那时的南极大陆覆盖着茂密的森林，为这种四足、长颈的巨型恐龙提供了充足的食物来源。

  • #20
    August 8 · 2 min

    第3105期:How to cope with disappointment

    We've all been there. Ending up with a worse exam result than you had hoped for or expected, a friend cancelling a plan you were really looking forward to, or your favourite sports team losing a game. Disappointment is an unhappy feeling when there is a gap between your expectations and reality, when something you desired failed to materialise. It's a normal and natural reaction, but what to do? Is it best to forget about it and move on, or allow yourself to feel the feels? 我们都经历过这样的情况。 最终考试成绩比您希望或预期的要差，朋友取消了您真正期待的计划，或者您最喜欢的运动队输掉了一场比赛。 失望是一种不快乐的感觉，当你的期望与现实之间存在差距，当你想要的东西未能实现时。 这是正常且自然的反应，但该怎么办呢？ 最好是忘记它并继续前进，还是让自己感受这种感觉？ We often can't control what happens in life, but we can control how we respond when things don't go our way. Dr Radha Modgil, a UK family doctor and campaigner for wellbeing, says that we should take time to process the disappointment. "We can often feel the need to move on straight away or ignore our feelings, but if we take time to process them and talk them through, we can move forward in a healthier way," she says. Next, she advises us to see the opportunities. Things may not have worked out this time, but when one door closes, a different, more exciting door may have opened, in a way that may one day make you grateful for the initial disappointment. 我们常常无法控制生活中发生的事情，但我们可以控制当事情不顺利时我们如何应对。 英国家庭医生兼健康活动家拉达·莫吉尔博士表示，我们应该花时间来处理失望情绪。 “我们经常会觉得需要立即继续前进或忽略我们的感受，但如果我们花时间处理它们并讨论它们，我们就能以更健康的方式前进，”她说。 接下来，她建议我们看到机会。 这次事情可能没有成功，但当一扇门关闭时，另一扇更令人兴奋的门可能会打开，有一天可能会让你对最初的失望感到感激。 The wider the gap between expectations and reality, the greater the disappointment. Make sure your goals are realistic, not idealistic, says Dr Annette Clancy, an organisational consultant who researches emotions in the workplace. Think about what a realistic result would be, rather than the perfect one. When waiting for something significant like a job offer or test result, her advice is to not get ahead of yourself. When we anticipate a positive result, we often start imagining a future that doesn't yet exist, and if that future doesn't materialise, we then have togrieveits loss, which can be upsetting. 期望与现实之间的差距越大，失望就越大。 研究工作场所情绪的组织顾问安妮特·克兰西博士说，确保你的目标是现实的，而不是理想化的。 想想现实的结果是什么，而不是完美的结果。 当等待工作机会或测试结果等重要事情时，她的建议是不要操之过急。 当我们期待一个积极的结果时，我们常常开始想象一个尚不存在的未来，如果这个未来没有实现，我们就不得不为它的损失感到悲伤，这可能会令人沮丧。 Try not to take it personally. Disappointment might make you think, "I'm not good enough," and lead you to blame yourself, affecting your self-esteem. It may cause you to blame others, making you angry that they did not recognise your value. Dr Annette Clancy says both reactions miss the point. Instead, see disappointment as a signal that our expectations and reality are not aligned. Understanding this, she says, can be an important way to develop resilience. 尽量不要往心里去。 失望可能会让你认为“我不够好”，并导致你责备自己，影响你的自尊。 这可能会让你责怪别人，让你因为他们不认识你的价值而生气。 安妮特·克兰西博士表示，这两种反应都没有抓住重点。 相反，将失望视为我们的期望与现实不一致的信号。 她说，理解这一点可能是培养韧性的重要方法。

  • #20
    August 7 · 2 min

    第3104期:Robotic police help reduce policing burdens

    This is an autonomous robot. It operates essentially on its own. It's on a program. 这是一个自动机器人，基本上是自主运作的，内部自带写好的程序。 Well, it's extremely useful because it frees up our officers to concentrate on, you know, other important community policing matters. 它非常有用，因为帮我们的警员减轻了负担，让我们集中精力处理社区中其他重要的警务。 It is a live monitoring system, so we are able to monitor the cameras live at the communications center. 它内置了一个实时监控系统，我们可以在通讯中心实时监控它的摄像头。 These are the four cameras that are positioned within the unit and it's always recording. 这是四个摄像头，它们都内置于设备内，时刻都在录像。 So, everywhere it goes, it's capturing all of that data. It also has a license plate reader feature which operates by this device right here. 无论走到哪它都可以捕获所有数据。它还有一个车牌读取功能，通过这个设备读取。 It's able to read license plates of vehicles in parking lots and it actually captures that data. 它能够读取停车场车辆的牌照，并能捕获这些数据。 It also has a distress button which is located here. So, somebody were to need assistance or they want to contact our communication center, they can do it by way of that distress button. 它也有一个求救按钮，就在这里。如果有人需要帮助或想与通讯中心联系，他们可以直接点击那个求助按钮。 And there's people that are monitoring on the other end. 有警员在通讯中心那一端监控。 So, the system also has the ability for a dispatcher or a monitor to get into the software and actually project communication through the robot to the person that has pressed the distress button. 这个系统可以让调度员或监控员使用软件，然后通过机器人投影与求救的人进行沟通交流。 If something wrong happens, the police can see it from the robot. And then the police can come and figure out what's happening to us. 如果出了什么事，警察可以通过机器人摄像头看到。然后警察就会出警，看看到底发生了什么。 We saw the autonomous robot in one of the conferences and we decided it might be something that could work for the parks as we've been having some concerns about safety. 我们在一场会议上看到了自动机器人，正好我们一直担心周边公园的安全问题，我们觉得这个机器人可能可以用于公园巡逻。 This park is the largest park in the city and it's highly used by the community, especially now during the summer. 这个公园是城市里最大的公园，居民的使用率很高，尤其是现在正值夏季。 So, we wanted an extra set of eyes that would help the police department in order to patrol it 24/7. 我们需要这样一双“额外的眼睛”来帮我们的警署进行每天24小时巡逻。 It travels the entire park. It is a programmed path but we're able to change the path and adapt it to, maybe, different activities that we become aware of. 它可以在整个公园巡逻。它会按照设定好的路线巡逻，不过我们可以改变路线，也可以让它适应一些我们需要的其他活动。 So, there's a person coming in. If it senses it too close, it'll stop for a moment. Good morning. 有个人过来了，如果它感应到距离太近，就会暂时停下。早上好。 All of this information is recorded. It's downloaded to a hard drive. 所有这些信息都会被记录下来。 然后被下载到一个硬盘上。 If something were to happen and we needed to go back to look at the video recording, we can always access that video also. 如果发生了什么情况，我们需要倒回去看视频录像，我们随时都可以调取那段视频。 Cost is around $65,000 a year. We already use different funds in order to cover it. 机器人每年花费约65000美元。我们已经用了不同的资金来支付其费用。 And like I said, it's a year-on-year basis. So, if we decide to renew it, it will come back to the council so we can vote on it. 我之前说过了，这是一个每年都会审核的项目，如果一年后我们决定继续使用这个机器人，议会会再次进行投票表决。

  • #19
    August 6 · 2 min

    第3103期:Healthy snack bars are replacing unhealthy habits.

    According to the National Center for Health Statistics of the United States, roughly 37 percent of US adults consume fast food on a daily basis. 根据美国国家卫生统计中心的数据，美国约有37％的成年人每天食用快餐。 The center found a significant rise in the number of severe obesity cases in very young children aged 2 to 5. 该中心发现，在2至5岁的幼儿中，严重肥胖的病例数显著增加。 Thank you so much for having us here in your home. 非常感谢您在这里招待我们。 Zobaida Falah on Ohio-based Muslim entrepreneur launched her snack bar company called Cure in June 2016, 俄亥俄州的穆斯林企业家佐贝达·法拉于2016年6月推出了她的零食棒公司Cure， in an effort to end unhealthy food habits and raise awareness about proper nutrition and its benefits. 旨在终结不健康的饮食习惯，并提高人们对合理营养及其益处的认识。 To fight obesity and junk food habits, Falah created a line of organic healthy bars for all. 为了对抗肥胖和垃圾食品习惯，法拉为大众打造了一系列有机健康能量棒。 The idea came to her when she was teaching math and English to kids. 这个想法是在她教孩子们数学和英语时产生的。 I would watch my students to come into the classroom, eating chips and soda, refined sugars, bad carbs. 我看着我的学生们走进教室，嘴里吃着薯片、喝着汽水，这些食物含有精制糖和劣质碳水化合物。 And anytime I asked them why do you guys eat so poorly, a very common response was healthy food just doesn't taste good. 每当我问他们为什么吃这些垃圾食品时，最常见的回答就是健康食物不好吃。 With taste in her mind, Paula started experimenting on a unique recipe inspired by her grandmother. 想到了口味的重要性，法拉开始尝试制作一款独特的食谱，灵感来自她的祖母。 Ingredients include a mixture of nuts, flavorful seeds, honey and black seeds. 配料包括坚果混合物、风味种子、蜂蜜和黑籽。 It took off, but to this day, she still runs her business from home, meeting roughly four to six thousand orders a month. 这颇受欢迎，但直到今天，她仍然在家经营生意，每月约有四千到六千份订单。 Falah doesn't just want to change people's health but also tackle hunger as she donates a snack bar to the homeless for each one sold. 法拉不仅想改变人们的健康状况，还想解决饥饿问题，她每卖出一份零食棒，就会向无家可归者捐赠一份。 We have a social movement and mission behind the company, which means that when we first launched we would donate a bar for every bar that we sold, when we would donate it to people experiencing homelessness. 我们公司背负社会运动和使命，也就是说，我们刚推出产品时，每售出一份就会向无家可归者捐赠一份。 And as the company has grown and we've expanded and added new product lines to our brand, now we actually donate a percentage of all of our profits towards alleviating world hunger. 随着公司发展壮大，我们拓展了业务范围并为品牌新增了多条产品线，如今我们会将一定比例的利润捐赠出去 ，用于缓解全球饥饿问题 。 Falah says her company has helped more than 200,000 poor people in the U.S. and abroad, including refugees in Syria, Morocco, Palestine, and Gambia. 法拉说，她的公司已经帮助了美国及海外20多万贫困人口，其中包括叙利亚、摩洛哥、巴勒斯坦和冈比亚的难民。

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