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Yale's philosophy of teaching and learning begins with the aim of training a broadly based, highly disciplined intellect without specifying in advance how that intellect will be used. The Yale Courses channel provides entry into the core of the University--its classrooms and academic programs--including complete sets of lectures from the Open Yale Courses initiative. Complementary syllabi, transcripts, and other resources may also be accessed from the Open Yale Courses website listed below.

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September 6 · 1 hr 16 min
7. The Greek "Renaissance" - Colonization and Tyranny (cont.)
Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205) In this lecture, Professor Donald Kagan explores the rise of Greek colonies. He argues that the rise of new colonies was primarily due to the need for new farmland, although he acknowledges several other important reasons. He also shows where the Greeks colonized and explains that the process of founding a new colony probably took place within the dynamics of a polis. Finally, he offers a few important outcomes of this colonizing impulse. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The Rise of the Greek Colony 12:01 - Chapter 2. How Greek Colonies (or Apoikiai) Worked 37:55 - Chapter 3. Mapping the Colonies 57:27 - Chapter 4. Consequences of Colonization to Greek Life Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 21 min
6.5 | Mastering Your SRS Template for Medical Software Course
In this lesson, we dive into the critical components of a System Requirement Specification (SRS) template, essential for any medical software development. We'll explore each section, from the cover page to functional and non-functional requirements, and learn how to draft precise, testable requirements that drive successful project outcomes. We also discuss the often-overlooked yet vital "significance" section and the impact of "intended use" on regulatory clearance. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Identify the key sections of a System Requirement Specification (SRS) document. • Understand the purpose and importance of each SRS section, including significance and intended use. • Differentiate between functional and non-functional requirements in medical software development. • Learn the characteristics of a well-written requirement, focusing on testability and appropriate abstraction. • Explain how a change in the intended use of medical software can impact regulatory clearance. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 51 min
6. Philosophers and Kings: Plato's Republic, V
Introduction to Political Philosophy (PLSC 114) In this last session on the Republic, the emphasis is on the idea of self-control, as put forward by Adeimantus in his speech. Socrates asserts that the most powerful passion one needs to learn how to tame is what he calls thumos. Used to denote "spiritedness" and "desire," it is associated with ambitions for public life that both virtuous statesmen as well as great tyrants may pursue. The lecture ends with the platonic idea of justice as harmony in the city and the soul. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The Control of Passions 08:53 - Chapter 2. A Proposal for the Construction of KallipolIs 17:34 - Chapter 3. Justice 26:28 - Chapter 4. The Philosopher-King 33:26 - Chapter 5. What Are Plato's Views on Modern America? Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 26 min
18. The Peloponnesian War, Part I (cont.)
Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205) In this lecture, Professor Kagan describes the aftermath of the Thirty Years Peace. He argues that the Peace had the potential to keep peace between Athens and Sparta due to the arbitration clause. In addition, he argues that during this time, Athens sends various diplomatic messages to the wider Greek world stating their intentions for peace, such as the Panhellenic venture to establish Thurii. However, this peace is seriously challenged when Corinth and Corcyra come into conflict over Epidamnus. At this point, Athens could make an alliance with Corcyra and run the risk of angering Sparta or allow Corinth to potentially take over Corcyra's navy and change the naval balance of power. Athens decides on a defensive alliance. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Preserving the Thirty Years Peace 10:12 - Chapter 2. The Pan-hellenic Colony of Thurii 22:05 - Chapter 3. Testing the Peace 38:30 - Chapter 4. Civil War at Epidamnus and the Question of Honor 01:12:18 - Chapter 5. Athens Votes on a Defensive Alliance Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 20 min
8.1 | Master Medical Software Construction: Coding, Testing and Risk Mgmt | Medical Software Course
In this lesson, we dive into the 'Construction' phase of the medical software life cycle. Discover the crucial processes of coding and testing, and learn how standard software engineering principles adapt to the unique demands of medical device development. We'll explore programming best practices, effective source code management, and essential risk mitigation strategies to build robust and compliant medical software. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the critical role of coding and testing within the medical software life cycle. • Implement best programming practices, including defensive coding and internationalization for global medical applications. • Learn about source code management, static code reviews, and managing external dependencies (SOUPS). • Identify common risks during software implementation and apply effective mitigation strategies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 45 min
26. Learning from and Responding to Financial Crisis II (Lawrence Summers)
Financial Markets (ECON 252) In the second of his two lectures in honor of Arthur Okun, Professor Summers points out that real interest rates have been very low in the current subprime crisis. This indicates that the shock to the economy was more a financial breakdown shock than a disinflation shock. But financial breakdown shocks are not necessarily very harmful to the economy, so long as financial intermediation capital is not destroyed. In a financial crisis like the present one, financial firms are likely to take the step of decreasing their leverage, often by contracting loans, which creates its own risks for the economy. Regulators should place pressure on financial institutions to raise their capital and should intervene in near foreclosure situations, but should not attempt to support housing prices. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction and Recap 02:51 - Chapter 2. Understanding Recessions in Terms of the IS/LM Model 12:35 - Chapter 3. Financial Intermediation Capital: Essential for Economic Growth 23:08 - Chapter 4. U.S. Fiscal Policy Challenges and Objectives 36:44 - Chapter 5. Caution against Overdependence on Monetary Policy and the Federal Funds Rate 48:12 - Chapter 6. Obstacles in Introducing New Capital into and Increasing Direct Regulation of Financial Markets 57:50 - Chapter 7. Fiscal Policy Coordination in the International Context: Observations and Suggestions 01:06:56 - Chapter 8. Q&A: From Paulson's Proposal to Regulation of Lending and Leverage Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 18 min
4. Best responses in soccer and business partnerships
Game Theory (ECON 159) We continue the idea (from last time) of playing a best response to what we believe others will do. More particularly, we develop the idea that you should not play a strategy that is not a best response for any belief about others' choices. We use this idea to analyze taking a penalty kick in soccer. Then we use it to analyze a profit-sharing partnership. Toward the end, we introduce a new notion: Nash Equilibrium. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Best Response: Penalty Kicks in Soccer 15:14 - Chapter 2. Best Response: Issues with the Penalty Kick Model 24:06 - Chapter 3. Best Response: Formal Definition 29:59 - Chapter 4. Externalities and Inefficient Outcomes: The Partnership Game 01:07:23 - Chapter 5. Nash Equilibrium: Preview Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 3 min
Further Work in Systems Leadership | Connected Leadership with Peter Boyd
System change happens in community, not alone. Get pointed toward the CLEAR systems leadership framework from the Harvard Kennedy School and see how the four Ps tie your leadership identity back to the system you want to change. Key topics: - The need for collaboration and coalition building - The CLEAR steps to system leadership - Humility and a growth mindset for systems work - Bringing your system onto one page - Connecting purpose, priorities, potential, and progress 📚 About the Course: This course is designed to maximize your ability to create change at the individual, team and system levels. Through study, reflection, and deploying practical tools, you will establish a firm connection between your clearly articulated Purpose, effective Priorities, visualized Potential for success, and pathway to maximized Progress. But, what does that mean in practice? When you take this course, you will: Improve your ability to get the most out of life: Learn a simple practice to reflect on your purpose, clarify priorities, visualize your potential, and maximize your effectiveness at progressing towards your goals. Strengthen your leadership toolkit: Tap into your unique leadership style and strengths and join or create a community of others to maximize your potential as a team. Create change through systems thinking: Become a more effective agent of positive change and appreciate the power and complexity of system thinking. Course Takeaways: Improve your ability to get the most out of life Strengthen your leadership toolkit Practice and apply systems thinking to plan for change 📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezZEnhZC8dS3AvTnzOiB0Ij 🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://www.coursera.org/learn/connected-leadership 🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/connected-leadership Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 13 min
10.3 | Crafting Your Medical Software Validation Plan: Principles and Steps | Medical Software Course
In this lesson, we dive into the fundamental principles of creating a robust validation plan for medical software. You'll learn how to translate qualitative user needs into objective, quantitative criteria, understand the structure of a comprehensive plan, and discover why early engagement with a statistician is paramount for successful validation studies. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the foundational principles for creating a medical software validation plan. • Learn to define specific, quantitative, and testable goals for validation studies. • Grasp the four key components of a validation plan: goal, rationale, methods, and data analysis. • Recognize the critical importance of early consultation with a statistician for effective study design and analysis. • Explore examples of how to validate new solutions against existing methods or the standard of care. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 11 min
902 | Recruiting Your Founding Team: Culture, Roles and Ownership - Social Entrepreneurship Course
In this lesson, we delve into the crucial process of building your founding team, understanding organizational culture, and defining essential roles for your social entrepreneurship venture. Learn how to select the right people who share your values and possess diverse skills for long-term success. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Identify the key considerations for selecting a founding team and executive members. • Understand how organizational culture is formed and its significance for your venture. • Learn about common executive roles (CEO, COO, CPO, CMO, CFO) and their responsibilities. • Recognize the importance of skill diversity and dedication when building your team. • Discuss the necessity of having clear ownership conversations among founders. 📚 About the Course Have you ever wondered what it would be like to create real change? You don't have to start your own organization to make a difference in the world. Everyone can learn the social entrepreneurship mindset and skillset to build social impact. In this course, you will immerse yourself in a social or environmental challenge you want to tackle. You'll start by researching your topic of choice, talking to people, and ideating a potential solution that you can contribute. Then, you'll build a business model around that solution, understanding concepts like measuring social change, ensuring financial viability, funding and pitching. This course is a safe space to experiment and explore. You'll be guided by a ten stage framework to help structure your journey. Along the way, you'll hear from social entrepreneurs around the world through case studies and campus conversations. These include Yale alumni, members of the New Haven community, and global changemakers. Everyone is welcome to join this course! You can apply your lived, learned, or professional experience to discover how you're going to make a difference. 📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezbi0aRJeVnt99ynTVZG1PL 🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship 🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship #SocialEntrepreneurship #YaleCourse #Impact #Changemakers #BusinessPlan #DesignThinking Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 13 min
14. Backward induction: commitment, spies, and first-mover advantages
Game Theory (ECON 159) We first apply our big idea--backward induction--to analyze quantity competition between firms when play is sequential, the Stackelberg model. We do this twice: first using intuition and then using calculus. We learn that this game has a first-mover advantage, and that it comes commitment and from information in the game rather than the timing per se. We notice that in some games having more information can hurt you if other players know you will have that information and hence alter their behavior. Finally, we show that, contrary to myth, many games do not have first-mover advantages. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Sequential Games: First Mover Advantage in the Stackelberg Model 38:13 - Chapter 2. First Mover Advantage: Commitment Strategy 49:25 - Chapter 3. First Mover Advantage: Why It Is Not Always an Advantage 55:53 - Chapter 4. First and Second Mover Advantage: NIM Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 13 min
9.3 | Intro to Statistics: Unlocking Data for Medical Software Course
Have you ever wondered how data informs critical decisions in medical software development? In this lesson, we dive into a foundational introduction to statistics, exploring its crucial role in validating software. We'll uncover what statistics are, how to draw meaningful conclusions from samples to understand entire populations, and differentiate between point and interval estimation. We'll also examine the fundamental Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers, crucial concepts for robust statistical analysis. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Define statistics and their core function in software validation • Distinguish between samples and populations in statistical inference • Grasp the principles of point and interval estimation • Understand the significance of the Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 10 min
8.4 | Master Real-Time fMRI Integration Testing with Simulators | Medical Software Course
Have you ever wondered how complex medical software is tested when it interacts with expensive, specialized hardware? In this lesson, we delve into the world of integration testing within real-time fMRI systems, highlighting the unique challenges of connecting custom software with existing MRI scanners and feedback computers. You'll discover how innovative simulation strategies overcome these hurdles, enabling efficient development and debugging without constant access to live equipment. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the core concepts and applications of real-time fMRI. • Identify the software and hardware components within a real-time fMRI setup. • Recognize the specific challenges of integration testing in complex medical imaging environments. • Explain how simulators are effectively utilized to facilitate integration testing for medical software. • Appreciate the benefits of simulation for parallel development and cost-effective testing. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 22 min
19. The Peloponnesian War, Part II
Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205) In this lecture, Professor Kagan focuses on the causes of the Peloponnesian War and the possible motivations for Thucydides' book, The History of the Peloponnesian War. Concerning the first point, Professor Kagan parts ways with Thucydides and argues that the war was not inevitable and that the Athenians under Pericles followed a policy of deterrence, which was aimed at peace. Similarly, he points out that there were a number of Spartans who did not want war as well. Therefore, according to this line of reasoning, war broke out due to a number of factors that were avoidable. Concerning the second point, Professor Kagan argues that Thucydides was a revisionist historian. In other words, Thucydides was writing not as a disinterested historian, but as a historian with a point to make, namely, that the war was inevitable and that Athens was only a democracy in name under Pericles. Finally, Professor Kagan acknowledges that his two points are debatable. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Lead Up to the War: Corcyra and Potidaea 12:17 - Chapter 2. Lead Up to the War: The Megarian Decree 20:08 - Chapter 3. The Spartan Assembly Votes and the Course of War Is Set 36:33 - Chapter 4. The Start of the War 50:02 - Chapter 5. Thucydides as Revisionist Historian Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 13 min
8.2 | Master Code Management: Essential Revision Control Systems for Medical Software Course
Have you ever struggled to manage code in large, multi-developer projects? In this lesson, we dive into the critical role of revision control systems, exploring their evolution from early file-based tools to modern distributed repositories like Git. Discover how these systems enable seamless collaboration, track changes, and maintain code integrity in complex software development environments. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the purpose and historical evolution of revision control systems. • Differentiate between various revision control systems, with a focus on Git's advantages and features. • Learn the fundamental workflow and commands for using Git in a collaborative development setting (clone, pull, add, commit, push). • Explain how GitHub facilitates team collaboration through branching, pull requests, and code reviews, and its compatibility with quality management systems. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 17 min
17. Backward induction: ultimatums and bargaining
Game Theory (ECON 159) We develop a simple model of bargaining, starting from an ultimatum game (one person makes the other a take it or leave it offer), and building up to alternating offer bargaining (where players can make counter-offers). On the way, we introduce discounting: a dollar tomorrow is worth less than a dollar today. We learn that, if players are equally patient, if offers can be in rapid succession, and if each side knows how much the game is worth to the other side, then the first offer is for an equal split of the pie and this offer is accepted. But this result depends on those assumptions; for example, bargaining power may depend on wealth. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Ultimatum Games: Why Backward Induction Fails Here 14:15 - Chapter 2. Bargaining Games: Setup and Generalization 47:44 - Chapter 3. Bargaining Games: Summary of Proof of Generalization 54:29 - Chapter 4. Bargaining Games: Assumptions and Conclusions Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 1 hr 23 min
19. Subgame perfect equilibrium: matchmaking and strategic investments
Game Theory (ECON 159) We analyze three games using our new solution concept, subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE). The first game involves players' trusting that others will not make mistakes. It has three Nash equilibria but only one is consistent with backward induction. We show the other two Nash equilibria are not subgame perfect: each fails to induce Nash in a subgame. The second game involves a matchmaker sending a couple on a date. There are three Nash equilibria in the dating subgame. We construct three corresponding subgame perfect equilibria of the whole game by rolling back each of the equilibrium payoffs from the subgame. Finally, we analyze a game in which a firm has to decide whether to invest in a machine that will reduce its costs of production. We learn that the strategic effects of this decision--its effect on the choices of other competing firms--can be large, and if we ignore them we will make mistakes. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Sub-game Perfect Equilibria: Example 27:22 - Chapter 2. Sub-game Perfect Equilibria: Matchmaking 34:31 - Chapter 3. Matchmaking: SPEs of the Game 49:37 - Chapter 4. Sub-game Perfect Equilibria: Strategic Investments 01:13:15 - Chapter 5. Strategic Investments: Discussion Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 19 min
Module 5 | Doug Rauch on How Customer Feedback Built Daily Table - Social Entrepreneurship Interview
Have you ever wondered how social entrepreneurs truly understand and solve complex community problems? In this lesson, join us for a deep dive with Doug Rauch, founder of Daily Table, as he shares the surprising pivots and critical insights gained from direct community engagement that shaped his innovative social enterprise. He reveals how listening to the target customer transformed his initial vision for addressing food insecurity into a highly effective model providing affordable, nutritious, and convenient food. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Discover how direct customer and community feedback can lead to significant pivots and innovations in social enterprises. • Understand that food insecurity is often not about lack of food, but the affordability, nutritional quality, and convenience of healthy options. • Learn the importance of adapting your solution based on the real-life needs and constraints of your target beneficiaries, such as time for cooking. • Explore various methods of gathering community insights, from informal group discussions to structured focus groups. • Appreciate how community input can influence core aspects of a venture, including its branding and public perception. 📚 About the Course Have you ever wondered what it would be like to create real change? You don't have to start your own organization to make a difference in the world. Everyone can learn the social entrepreneurship mindset and skillset to build social impact. In this course, you will immerse yourself in a social or environmental challenge you want to tackle. You'll start by researching your topic of choice, talking to people, and ideating a potential solution that you can contribute. Then, you'll build a business model around that solution, understanding concepts like measuring social change, ensuring financial viability, funding and pitching. This course is a safe space to experiment and explore. You'll be guided by a ten stage framework to help structure your journey. Along the way, you'll hear from social entrepreneurs around the world through case studies and campus conversations. These include Yale alumni, members of the New Haven community, and global changemakers. Everyone is welcome to join this course! You can apply your lived, learned, or professional experience to discover how you're going to make a difference. #SocialEntrepreneurship #YaleCourse #Impact #Changemakers #BusinessPlan #DesignThinking Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 57 min
18. "War So Terrible": Why the Union Won and the Confederacy Lost at Home and Abroad
The Civil War and Reconstruction (HIST 119) This lecture probes the reasons for confederate defeat and union victory. Professor Blight begins with an elucidation of the loss of will thesis, which suggests that it was a lack of conviction on the home front that assured confederate defeat, before offering another of other popular explanations for northern victory: industrial capacity, political leadership, military leadership, international diplomacy, a pre-existing political culture, and emancipation. Blight warns, however, that we cannot forget the battlefield, and, to this end, concludes his lecture with a discussion of the decisive Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in July of 1863. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction 08:10 - Chapter 2. Resources, Leadership, Diplomacy: Why The North Won 22:16 - Chapter 3. Frail Nationalism? The Loss-of-Will Theory on Why the South Lost 30:42 - Chapter 4. The Bloody Battle of Gettysburg 44:41 - Chapter 5. Union Victory at Vicksburg and Conclusion Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
September 6 · 15 min
9.5 | Signal Detection and ROC Curves: Optimizing Medical Software Decisions | Medical Software Course
How do we make critical decisions from data, especially when mistakes can be costly? In this lesson, we delve into the fundamental problem of signal detection, exploring its origins in radar and its vital applications in medical software, such as cancer screening. We'll uncover the delicate balance between false positives and false negatives, understand the concepts of sensitivity and specificity, and learn how Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curve (AUC) are used to evaluate and optimize the performance of detection algorithms. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the fundamental problem of signal detection and its relevance in medical applications. • Identify and differentiate between true positives, false negatives, false positives, and true negatives. • Define and explain the concepts of sensitivity and specificity in the context of detection algorithms. • Analyze the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity when setting detection thresholds. • Interpret Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curve (AUC) to evaluate algorithm performance. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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