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YaleCourses

Yale's philosophy of teaching and learning begins with the aim of training a broadly based, highly disciplined intellect without specifying in advance how that intellect will be used. The Yale Courses channel provides entry into the core of the University--its classrooms and academic programs--including complete sets of lectures from the Open Yale Courses initiative. Complementary syllabi, transcripts, and other resources may also be accessed from the Open Yale Courses website listed below.

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online.yale.edu: http://online.yale.edu

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  • Monday · 20 min

    2.5 | Navigating Medical Software Regulations: Your Guide to Approval (Medical Software Course)

    Are you ready to navigate the intricate landscape of medical software approval? This lesson delves into the regulatory processes governing medical software, highlighting key considerations from initial agency review to market release. We'll cover how risk classification impacts approval pathways and explore distinct regulatory frameworks in the United States, European Union, and China. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the core principles regulatory agencies apply when reviewing medical software, focusing on efficacy, safety, and security. • Differentiate between device classifications (Class I, II, III) and their corresponding review processes, including 510k, De Novo, and Pre-Market Approval (PMA) in the US. • Explain the distinctions and applications of general controls and special controls in medical device regulation. • Compare and contrast the regulatory frameworks and approval processes for medical software in the United States (FDA), European Union (MDR), and China (NMPA). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 18 min

    7. Nash equilibrium: shopping, standing and voting on a line

    Game Theory (ECON 159) We first consider the alternative "Bertrand" model of imperfect competition between two firms in which the firms set prices rather than setting quantities. Then we consider a richer model in which firms still set prices but in which the goods they produce are not identical. We model the firms as stores that are on either end of a long road or line. Customers live along this line. Then we return to models of strategic politics in which it is voters that are spread along a line. This time, however, we do not allow candidates to choose positions: they can only choose whether or not to enter the election. We play this "candidate-voter game" in the class, and we start to analyze both as a lesson about the notion of equilibrium and a lesson about politics. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Bertrand Duopoly: Standard Model 28:18 - Chapter 2. Bertrand Duopoly: Product Differentiation 40:13 - Chapter 3. Perfect Competition Revisited: The Candidate Voter Model Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 20 min

    8. Nash equilibrium: location, segregation and randomization

    Game Theory (ECON 159) We first complete our discussion of the candidate-voter model showing, in particular, that, in equilibrium, two candidates cannot be too far apart. Then we play and analyze Schelling's location game. We discuss how segregation can occur in society even if no one desires it. We also learn that seemingly irrelevant details of a model can matter. We consider randomizations first by a central authority (such as in a bussing policy), and then decentralized randomization by the individuals themselves, "mixed strategies." Finally, we look at rock, paper, scissors to see an example of a mixed-strategy equilibrium to a game. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Candidate - Voter Model 14:22 - Chapter 2. Location and Segregation: Why Outcomes Are Not Necessarily Preferences 46:01 - Chapter 3. Location and Segregation: Examples 52:10 - Chapter 4. Location and Segregation: Policy Implications 57:51 - Chapter 5. Location and Segregation: Central vs. Individual Randomization 01:00:51 - Chapter 6. Pure vs. Mixed Strategies: Rock, Paper, Scissors Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 22 min

    20. Subgame perfect equilibrium: wars of attrition

    Game Theory (ECON 159) We first play and then analyze wars of attrition; the games that afflict trench warfare, strikes, and businesses in some competitive settings. We find long and damaging fights can occur in class in these games even when the prizes are small in relation to the accumulated costs. These could be caused by irrationality or by players' having other goals like pride or reputation. But we argue that long, costly fights should be expected in these games even if everyone is rational and has standard goals. We show this first in a two-period version of the game and then in a potentially infinite version. There are equilibria in which the game ends fast without a fight, but there are also equilibria that can involve long fights. The only good news is that, the longer the fight and the higher the cost of fighting, the lower is the probability of such a fight. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Wars of Attrition: The Rivalry Game 17:39 - Chapter 2. Wars of Attrition: Real World Examples 24:04 - Chapter 3. Wars of Attrition: Analysis 47:53 - Chapter 4. Wars of Attrition: Discussion of SPEs 01:06:54 - Chapter 5. Wars of Attrition: Generalization Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 12 min

    10.2 | Unlocking Clinical Trials: Design, Ethics and Regulatory Pathways – Medical Software Course

    Have you ever wondered what goes into bringing a new medical device or drug to market? In this lesson, we delve into the world of clinical trials, covering their fundamental design, the crucial regulatory landscape, and the ethical principles that safeguard human subjects. From understanding prospective and randomized studies to navigating FDA approvals and the various phases of drug development, this segment provides a comprehensive overview of how medical innovations are safely and effectively tested. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the definition and purpose of clinical trials, including the importance of preregistration to ensure research integrity. • Differentiate between prospective and randomized clinical trial designs and their significance as the "gold standard." • Explain the regulatory pathways for testing medical devices, including IRB approval and Investigational Device Exemptions (IDEs), and describe feasibility and pivotal studies. • Outline the phases of drug development (Phase 1, 2, 3, and post-market) and their respective objectives. • Discuss the core ethical considerations in clinical research, specifically informed consent and the importance of diversity in study populations, referencing the Helsinki Declaration. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 58 min

    6. Lycidas

    Milton (ENGL 220) Milton's poem "Lycidas" is discussed as an example of pastoral elegy and one of Milton's first forays into theodicy. The poetic speaker's preoccupation with questions of immortality and reward, especially for poets and virgins, is probed. The Christian elements of the poem's dilemma are addressed, while the solution to the speaker's crisis is characterized as erotic and oddly paganistic, pointing towards the heterodox nature of much of Milton's thinking. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Revisiting Comus 07:04 - Chapter 2. "Lycidas": An Elegy 26:44 - Chapter 3. A Review of the Great Poet Orpheus 33:27 - Chapter 4. "Lycidas" and Milton's Letter to a Friend Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 8 min

    7.5 | The Rise of Digital Behavioral Health: Impact and Future Analysis | Medical Software Course

    Are you ready to explore how technology is revolutionizing mental healthcare? In this lesson, we delve into the burgeoning digital behavioral health industry, examining how the application of digital medicine is addressing the global mental health crisis and improving access to care. We'll explore the shift from traditional therapy models to innovative digital solutions, including smartphone apps, telemedicine, and AI-powered chatbots, and discuss their effectiveness in delivering cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the current landscape of the mental health crisis and challenges in accessing care. • Analyze the significant growth and application of digital technologies in behavioral health. • Identify various digital approaches and tools utilized for mental health interventions. • Describe how established therapeutic techniques like CBT and DBT are adapted for digital platforms. • Evaluate the effectiveness and key benefits of digital mental health solutions, including improved scalability and access. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 10 min

    9.2 | Master Conditional Probability with Bayes' Rule and Medical Scenarios | Medical Software Course

    In this lesson, we dive deeper into probability theory, exploring how to calculate probabilities for multiple events. We'll uncover the crucial concept of independent events and introduce Bayes' Rule, a foundational principle for 'belief updating' in the face of new information. Through engaging examples ranging from coin flips and dice rolls to critical medical diagnostic scenarios, you'll learn how to interpret and apply conditional probabilities to make informed assessments. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the definition and implications of independent events in probability • Apply the formula for calculating the joint probability of independent events • Learn Bayes' Rule and its significance in determining posterior probabilities • Grasp the concept of "belief updating" using conditional probability • Analyze real-world examples, including medical diagnoses, to illustrate the practical application of multiple event probabilities Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 16 min

    7. The Greek "Renaissance" - Colonization and Tyranny (cont.)

    Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205) In this lecture, Professor Donald Kagan explores the rise of Greek colonies. He argues that the rise of new colonies was primarily due to the need for new farmland, although he acknowledges several other important reasons. He also shows where the Greeks colonized and explains that the process of founding a new colony probably took place within the dynamics of a polis. Finally, he offers a few important outcomes of this colonizing impulse. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The Rise of the Greek Colony 12:01 - Chapter 2. How Greek Colonies (or Apoikiai) Worked 37:55 - Chapter 3. Mapping the Colonies 57:27 - Chapter 4. Consequences of Colonization to Greek Life Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 21 min

    6.5 | Mastering Your SRS Template for Medical Software Course

    In this lesson, we dive into the critical components of a System Requirement Specification (SRS) template, essential for any medical software development. We'll explore each section, from the cover page to functional and non-functional requirements, and learn how to draft precise, testable requirements that drive successful project outcomes. We also discuss the often-overlooked yet vital "significance" section and the impact of "intended use" on regulatory clearance. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Identify the key sections of a System Requirement Specification (SRS) document. • Understand the purpose and importance of each SRS section, including significance and intended use. • Differentiate between functional and non-functional requirements in medical software development. • Learn the characteristics of a well-written requirement, focusing on testability and appropriate abstraction. • Explain how a change in the intended use of medical software can impact regulatory clearance. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 51 min

    6. Philosophers and Kings: Plato's Republic, V

    Introduction to Political Philosophy (PLSC 114) In this last session on the Republic, the emphasis is on the idea of self-control, as put forward by Adeimantus in his speech. Socrates asserts that the most powerful passion one needs to learn how to tame is what he calls thumos. Used to denote "spiritedness" and "desire," it is associated with ambitions for public life that both virtuous statesmen as well as great tyrants may pursue. The lecture ends with the platonic idea of justice as harmony in the city and the soul. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The Control of Passions 08:53 - Chapter 2. A Proposal for the Construction of KallipolIs 17:34 - Chapter 3. Justice 26:28 - Chapter 4. The Philosopher-King 33:26 - Chapter 5. What Are Plato's Views on Modern America? Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 26 min

    18. The Peloponnesian War, Part I (cont.)

    Introduction to Ancient Greek History (CLCV 205) In this lecture, Professor Kagan describes the aftermath of the Thirty Years Peace. He argues that the Peace had the potential to keep peace between Athens and Sparta due to the arbitration clause. In addition, he argues that during this time, Athens sends various diplomatic messages to the wider Greek world stating their intentions for peace, such as the Panhellenic venture to establish Thurii. However, this peace is seriously challenged when Corinth and Corcyra come into conflict over Epidamnus. At this point, Athens could make an alliance with Corcyra and run the risk of angering Sparta or allow Corinth to potentially take over Corcyra's navy and change the naval balance of power. Athens decides on a defensive alliance. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Preserving the Thirty Years Peace 10:12 - Chapter 2. The Pan-hellenic Colony of Thurii 22:05 - Chapter 3. Testing the Peace 38:30 - Chapter 4. Civil War at Epidamnus and the Question of Honor 01:12:18 - Chapter 5. Athens Votes on a Defensive Alliance Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 20 min

    8.1 | Master Medical Software Construction: Coding, Testing and Risk Mgmt | Medical Software Course

    In this lesson, we dive into the 'Construction' phase of the medical software life cycle. Discover the crucial processes of coding and testing, and learn how standard software engineering principles adapt to the unique demands of medical device development. We'll explore programming best practices, effective source code management, and essential risk mitigation strategies to build robust and compliant medical software. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the critical role of coding and testing within the medical software life cycle. • Implement best programming practices, including defensive coding and internationalization for global medical applications. • Learn about source code management, static code reviews, and managing external dependencies (SOUPS). • Identify common risks during software implementation and apply effective mitigation strategies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 45 min

    26. Learning from and Responding to Financial Crisis II (Lawrence Summers)

    Financial Markets (ECON 252) In the second of his two lectures in honor of Arthur Okun, Professor Summers points out that real interest rates have been very low in the current subprime crisis. This indicates that the shock to the economy was more a financial breakdown shock than a disinflation shock. But financial breakdown shocks are not necessarily very harmful to the economy, so long as financial intermediation capital is not destroyed. In a financial crisis like the present one, financial firms are likely to take the step of decreasing their leverage, often by contracting loans, which creates its own risks for the economy. Regulators should place pressure on financial institutions to raise their capital and should intervene in near foreclosure situations, but should not attempt to support housing prices. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction and Recap 02:51 - Chapter 2. Understanding Recessions in Terms of the IS/LM Model 12:35 - Chapter 3. Financial Intermediation Capital: Essential for Economic Growth 23:08 - Chapter 4. U.S. Fiscal Policy Challenges and Objectives 36:44 - Chapter 5. Caution against Overdependence on Monetary Policy and the Federal Funds Rate 48:12 - Chapter 6. Obstacles in Introducing New Capital into and Increasing Direct Regulation of Financial Markets 57:50 - Chapter 7. Fiscal Policy Coordination in the International Context: Observations and Suggestions 01:06:56 - Chapter 8. Q&A: From Paulson's Proposal to Regulation of Lending and Leverage Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses This course was recorded in Spring 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 18 min

    4. Best responses in soccer and business partnerships

    Game Theory (ECON 159) We continue the idea (from last time) of playing a best response to what we believe others will do. More particularly, we develop the idea that you should not play a strategy that is not a best response for any belief about others' choices. We use this idea to analyze taking a penalty kick in soccer. Then we use it to analyze a profit-sharing partnership. Toward the end, we introduce a new notion: Nash Equilibrium. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Best Response: Penalty Kicks in Soccer 15:14 - Chapter 2. Best Response: Issues with the Penalty Kick Model 24:06 - Chapter 3. Best Response: Formal Definition 29:59 - Chapter 4. Externalities and Inefficient Outcomes: The Partnership Game 01:07:23 - Chapter 5. Nash Equilibrium: Preview Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 3 min

    Further Work in Systems Leadership | Connected Leadership with Peter Boyd

    System change happens in community, not alone. Get pointed toward the CLEAR systems leadership framework from the Harvard Kennedy School and see how the four Ps tie your leadership identity back to the system you want to change. Key topics: - The need for collaboration and coalition building - The CLEAR steps to system leadership - Humility and a growth mindset for systems work - Bringing your system onto one page - Connecting purpose, priorities, potential, and progress 📚 About the Course: This course is designed to maximize your ability to create change at the individual, team and system levels. Through study, reflection, and deploying practical tools, you will establish a firm connection between your clearly articulated Purpose, effective Priorities, visualized Potential for success, and pathway to maximized Progress. But, what does that mean in practice? When you take this course, you will: Improve your ability to get the most out of life: Learn a simple practice to reflect on your purpose, clarify priorities, visualize your potential, and maximize your effectiveness at progressing towards your goals. Strengthen your leadership toolkit: Tap into your unique leadership style and strengths and join or create a community of others to maximize your potential as a team. Create change through systems thinking: Become a more effective agent of positive change and appreciate the power and complexity of system thinking. Course Takeaways: Improve your ability to get the most out of life Strengthen your leadership toolkit Practice and apply systems thinking to plan for change 📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezZEnhZC8dS3AvTnzOiB0Ij 🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://www.coursera.org/learn/connected-leadership 🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/connected-leadership Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 13 min

    10.3 | Crafting Your Medical Software Validation Plan: Principles and Steps | Medical Software Course

    In this lesson, we dive into the fundamental principles of creating a robust validation plan for medical software. You'll learn how to translate qualitative user needs into objective, quantitative criteria, understand the structure of a comprehensive plan, and discover why early engagement with a statistician is paramount for successful validation studies. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Understand the foundational principles for creating a medical software validation plan. • Learn to define specific, quantitative, and testable goals for validation studies. • Grasp the four key components of a validation plan: goal, rationale, methods, and data analysis. • Recognize the critical importance of early consultation with a statistician for effective study design and analysis. • Explore examples of how to validate new solutions against existing methods or the standard of care. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 11 min

    902 | Recruiting Your Founding Team: Culture, Roles and Ownership - Social Entrepreneurship Course

    In this lesson, we delve into the crucial process of building your founding team, understanding organizational culture, and defining essential roles for your social entrepreneurship venture. Learn how to select the right people who share your values and possess diverse skills for long-term success. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Identify the key considerations for selecting a founding team and executive members. • Understand how organizational culture is formed and its significance for your venture. • Learn about common executive roles (CEO, COO, CPO, CMO, CFO) and their responsibilities. • Recognize the importance of skill diversity and dedication when building your team. • Discuss the necessity of having clear ownership conversations among founders. 📚 About the Course Have you ever wondered what it would be like to create real change? You don't have to start your own organization to make a difference in the world. Everyone can learn the social entrepreneurship mindset and skillset to build social impact. In this course, you will immerse yourself in a social or environmental challenge you want to tackle. You'll start by researching your topic of choice, talking to people, and ideating a potential solution that you can contribute. Then, you'll build a business model around that solution, understanding concepts like measuring social change, ensuring financial viability, funding and pitching. This course is a safe space to experiment and explore. You'll be guided by a ten stage framework to help structure your journey. Along the way, you'll hear from social entrepreneurs around the world through case studies and campus conversations. These include Yale alumni, members of the New Haven community, and global changemakers. Everyone is welcome to join this course! You can apply your lived, learned, or professional experience to discover how you're going to make a difference. 📺 Watch the full playlist on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLh9mgdi4rNezbi0aRJeVnt99ynTVZG1PL 🎓 Enroll on Coursera for assessments and a certificate: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship 🌐 Explore more learning opportunities on Yale Online: https://online.yale.edu/courses/creating-change-through-social-entrepreneurship #SocialEntrepreneurship #YaleCourse #Impact #Changemakers #BusinessPlan #DesignThinking Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 1 hr 13 min

    14. Backward induction: commitment, spies, and first-mover advantages

    Game Theory (ECON 159) We first apply our big idea--backward induction--to analyze quantity competition between firms when play is sequential, the Stackelberg model. We do this twice: first using intuition and then using calculus. We learn that this game has a first-mover advantage, and that it comes commitment and from information in the game rather than the timing per se. We notice that in some games having more information can hurt you if other players know you will have that information and hence alter their behavior. Finally, we show that, contrary to myth, many games do not have first-mover advantages. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Sequential Games: First Mover Advantage in the Stackelberg Model 38:13 - Chapter 2. First Mover Advantage: Commitment Strategy 49:25 - Chapter 3. First Mover Advantage: Why It Is Not Always an Advantage 55:53 - Chapter 4. First and Second Mover Advantage: NIM Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu This course was recorded in Fall 2007. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

  • Sunday · 13 min

    9.3 | Intro to Statistics: Unlocking Data for Medical Software Course

    Have you ever wondered how data informs critical decisions in medical software development? In this lesson, we dive into a foundational introduction to statistics, exploring its crucial role in validating software. We'll uncover what statistics are, how to draw meaningful conclusions from samples to understand entire populations, and differentiate between point and interval estimation. We'll also examine the fundamental Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers, crucial concepts for robust statistical analysis. 🎯 Learning Objectives • Define statistics and their core function in software validation • Distinguish between samples and populations in statistical inference • Grasp the principles of point and interval estimation • Understand the significance of the Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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