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SQE Study

Young Central

Preparing for the 2026 Solicitors Qualifying Examination? This is your official test review podcast for the SQE brought to you by Young Central. Thirteen subject matters are broken down to ensure you can tackle every topic.

  • 54 episodes
  • Updated Dec 2, 2025

Episodes54

  • Nov 12, 2025 · 20 min

    Solicitors Accounts II: Operation of Joint Account; Operation of a Client’s Own Account

    A detailed examination of how solicitors manage client funds through two distinct mechanisms: Joint Accounts and the Operation of a Client's Own Account. Joint Accounts are typically used in estate administration, involving shared control and responsibility between the solicitor and the client or third party, and though not classified as a traditional "client account," the funds remain client money under SRA Rules. Conversely, the Operation of a Client's Own Account occurs when a solicitor, often holding a power of attorney, manages funds directly in the client’s existing personal account. While most SRA Accounts Rules do not apply to either format, both require the solicitor to obtain bank statements at least every five weeks and maintain a central record of bills. A key difference is that reconciliation is required for the client's own account every five weeks, but not for a joint account, and solicitors must implement risk mitigation, such as recommending joint signatures for joint accounts.

  • Nov 11, 2025 · 38 min

    Solicitors Accounts I: Handling Client Money

    A comprehensive overview of the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) Accounts Rules, focusing on the rigorous standards for managing client funds in the legal profession. Key requirements include the strict separation of client money from business money in designated client accounts, mandated by Rule 4.1, to protect client interests and maintain public trust. The documents define crucial terms like client money (Rule 2.1) and disbursements, clarifying when anticipated costs transition from client funds to business funds. Furthermore, the sources emphasize that client accounts must not be used to provide general banking facilities (Rule 3.3), a prohibition supported by significant case law to prevent money laundering and insolvency risks. Finally, they outline rules for promptly transferring client money into the client account (Rule 2.3), ensuring funds are available on demand (Rule 2.4), detailing the specific circumstances for lawful withdrawals (Rule 5), and the obligation to account for a fair sum of interest on held funds (Rule 7).

  • Nov 10, 2025 · 34 min

    Property Practice III: Planning Law in England and Wales

    An extensive overview of planning law in England and Wales, focusing on the rules governing land development and use, which are primarily based on the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. It explains that "development" generally requires planning permission, defining it as either operational development (physical changes) or a material change of use, while detailing specific exemptions for minor works and changes within the same use class. The text also clearly differentiates planning permission from building regulations control, which focuses on construction safety and quality, and outlines special restrictions for listed buildings and conservation areas. Finally, the document discusses planning enforcement, including the extension of time limits for action to ten years under the Levelling-Up and Regeneration Act 2023, and the range of enforcement tools available to Local Planning Authorities.

  • Nov 9, 2025 · 44 min

    Property Practice II: Leasehold

    A comprehensive overview of leasehold law, focusing on the granting, management, assignment, and termination of commercial leases. The documents explain the fundamental structure of a lease, detailing crucial clauses such as repair obligations, rent review mechanisms, and restrictions on alienation (transferring the leasehold interest). Significant attention is given to the procedural steps involved in both granting a new lease and assigning an existing one, including the requirement for landlord consent and the use of a licence to assign. Finally, the materials cover a landlord's remedies for breach, such as forfeiture and the use of Authorised Guarantee Agreements (AGAs), and examine the critical statutory protection of Security of Tenure for business tenants under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954.

  • Nov 8, 2025 · 46 min

    Property Practice I: Freehold Real Estate Law and Practice

    A detailed overview of the English and Welsh property conveyancing process, the legal procedure for transferring property ownership. The texts distinguish between freehold and leasehold ownership and structure the conveyancing timeline into five key stages: pre-contract, exchange, pre-completion, completion, and post-completion. Significant focus is placed on the pre-exchange stage, detailing the importance of due diligence, title investigation, the memorandum of sale, and the necessary contents of the contract bundle, including specific forms for freehold and leasehold properties. Additionally, the sources explain the Law Society Conveyancing Protocol, a set of guidelines for residential transactions, and thoroughly describe the exchange stage, including the use of Standard Conditions of Sale, Special Conditions, and the various Law Society Formulae (A, B, and C) used to legally bind the transaction.

  • Nov 7, 2025 · 37 min

    Legal Services IV: Funding Options for Legal Services

    An extensive overview of various funding options for legal services, primarily focusing on the obligations of solicitors in the United Kingdom regarding transparency and costs. Key funding methods discussed include the Private Retainer, which involves upfront or periodic client payments, and Legal Aid, which is criminal and civil financial support for those unable to afford representation, dependent on strict means and merits tests. The text also explains Conditional Fee Arrangements (CFAs), known as "no win, no fee" agreements that include a success fee, and Damages Based Agreements (DBAs), where the solicitor receives a percentage of the recovered damages, both of which are heavily regulated by fee caps. Furthermore, the source examines Legal Expenses Insurance, split into Before the Event (BTE) and After the Event (ATE) coverage, and Third-Party Funding, where an external entity finances litigation for a share of the proceeds. Throughout the document, the SRA Code of Conduct and Transparency Rules are emphasized, mandating that solicitors must provide clear, forward-looking cost information to clients or face severe repercussions.

  • Nov 6, 2025 · 47 min

    Legal Services III: Overriding Legal Obligations

    An overview of overriding legal obligations for solicitors in the UK, focusing heavily on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations and the Equality Act 2010, alongside the framework for Financial Services regulation. The first source details the nine protected characteristics under the Equality Act and defines various forms of discrimination, including direct and indirect discrimination. The second source explains the three stages of money laundering, sets out the requirements of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA)—including direct and non-direct involvement offences—and outlines solicitors' duties for reporting suspicious activity and conducting Customer Due Diligence (CDD). Finally, the third source discusses the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA), detailing the need for authorization from bodies like the FCA and the key exemptions that permit legal firms to carry out limited, incidental financial activities under the SRA's regulation.

  • Nov 5, 2025 · 32 min

    Legal Services II: Principles and Risk-Based Regulation

    A comprehensive overview of the UK legal regulatory landscape, focusing primarily on the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and its mechanisms for ensuring public protection. The sources explain the seven core SRA Principles, which establish the ethical obligations for solicitors and regulated firms, emphasizing that the public interest and the rule of law take priority over an individual client's interests, particularly in cases of conflict. Furthermore, the documents detail the SRA’s risk-based regulatory approach, where supervision and resources are targeted at firms posing the highest risk to the public. Finally, the sources outline the crucial role of Professional Indemnity Insurance (PII) in safeguarding clients against professional negligence and define the reserved legal activities that, by law, can only be performed by authorized and regulated professionals to maintain the integrity of the justice system.

  • Nov 4, 2025 · 21 min

    Legal Services I: The Regulatory Role of the SRA

    A comprehensive overview of the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA), an independent body established in 2007 to regulate solicitors in England and Wales. The SRA’s core mission is to uphold high professional and ethical standards in the legal profession, serving to protect the public and ensure the rule of law is supported. Its regulatory objectives, outlined in the Legal Services Act 2007, range from protecting consumer interests to promoting competition and access to justice. Functionally, the SRA manages the education and qualification requirements, including the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE), and enforces a strict Code of Conduct through disciplinary actions for breaches. Finally, the SRA also extends its regulation to law firms to ensure proper business practices and client protection, funded by fees paid by practicing solicitors.

  • Nov 3, 2025 · 53 min

    Land Law II: Nature of Land, Land Ownership and Interests

    A comprehensive overview of English land law, focusing on the nature of proprietary rights, ownership structures, and security interests. The documents explain the fundamental distinction between freehold (indefinite) and leasehold (temporary) tenure, defining the only two legal estates recognized in law. They detail mechanisms for protecting property interests, such as registered land titles, overriding interests, and the concept of overreaching in trusts. Furthermore, the texts explore specific proprietary rights, including the creation and characteristics of easements and freehold covenants, and outline the extensive remedies, duties, and priorities associated with mortgages, particularly the lender's powers of possession and sale. Finally, the sources clarify the rules of co-ownership, contrasting joint tenancy (with the right of survivorship) and tenancy in common (with distinct shares), and explain the use of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (TOLATA) to resolve co-owner disputes.

  • Nov 2, 2025 · 50 min

    Land Law I: Leases

    A comprehensive legal overview of leases, defining them as agreements granting exclusive possession of property for a specified period, distinct from mere licenses. It details the essential characteristics required for a valid lease, including lawful duration, exclusive possession, and compliance with formalities, referencing the landmark case Street v Mountford. Furthermore, the text thoroughly explains the relationships between parties—landlord, tenant, and subtenant—and discusses the role of covenants in regulating obligations such as rent and repairs. Finally, the source addresses the complex principles of privity of contract and privity of estate, differentiating between old (pre-1996) and new (post-1996) leases, and outlines the various remedies for breach, including forfeiture and self-help, as well as the diverse methods by which a lease can be terminated.

  • Oct 24, 2025 · 48 min

    Dispute Resolution Law III: Costs

    A comprehensive overview of the rules governing litigation costs in civil proceedings under the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR). They explain the distinction between Fixed Recoverable Costs (FRC), which apply to Fast Track and the new Intermediate Track cases, and Assessed Costs (Summary and Detailed Assessment), which remain standard for complex Multi-Track cases involving higher values. The texts detail key procedural mechanisms designed to manage costs, such as costs budgeting using Precedent H and R reports for Multi-Track cases, and the strict sanctions for non-compliance with filing deadlines. Furthermore, the documents examine inter-partes costs orders (interim and final), the impact of Part 36 offers on costs recovery, and the court’s power to impose liability on third parties through Non-Party Costs Orders and Wasted Costs Orders.

  • Oct 23, 2025 · 48 min

    Dispute Resolution Law II (b): Unpacking the Civil Procedure Rules

    A comprehensive overview of the key procedural stages and rules governing civil litigation in England and Wales, focusing on issues such as jurisdiction and track allocation based on claim value and complexity. Significant attention is given to the limitation periods for various claims, exceptions for minors and latent damage, and the crucial role of Pre-Action Protocols in promoting early settlement and fair conduct. The material details the formal process of issuing and responding to claims, including the requirements for a defence, counterclaim, and the consequences of procedural failures like default judgment or non-compliance with disclosure obligations. Finally, the texts explain the rules surrounding evidence, expert witnesses, trial procedure, and the mechanisms for enforcement of judgments, such as charging orders and writs of control, alongside the criteria for appeals.

  • Oct 22, 2025 · 49 min

    Dispute Resolution Law II (a): Procedural Landmines Navigating the Civil Litigation Maze

    A comprehensive overview of the key procedural stages and rules governing civil litigation in England and Wales, focusing on issues such as jurisdiction and track allocation based on claim value and complexity. Significant attention is given to the limitation periods for various claims, exceptions for minors and latent damage, and the crucial role of Pre-Action Protocols in promoting early settlement and fair conduct. The material details the formal process of issuing and responding to claims, including the requirements for a defence, counterclaim, and the consequences of procedural failures like default judgment or non-compliance with disclosure obligations. Finally, the texts explain the rules surrounding evidence, expert witnesses, trial procedure, and the mechanisms for enforcement of judgments, such as charging orders and writs of control, alongside the criteria for appeals.

  • Oct 21, 2025 · 39 min

    Dispute Resolution Law I: Different Options for Dispute Resolution

    An extensive overview of various mechanisms for dispute resolution, distinguishing between litigation (the formal court process) and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which includes negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. It outlines the characteristics of civil and criminal disputes, explaining that civil conflicts between private parties involve areas like tort and contract law, and clarifies the difference between compensation (monetary payment) and remedy (the broader term for all legal relief). Crucially, the text emphasizes the solicitor's duty to advise clients on ADR methods, which are generally preferred for being more efficient and cost-effective than court proceedings, but notes exceptions where ADR may be inappropriate, such as cases requiring urgent relief or where a party lacks good faith. Finally, the document details the binding nature of arbitration awards compared to non-binding mediation agreements, which must be enforced as a breach of contract claim if breached.

  • Oct 20, 2025 · 44 min

    Criminal Practice II: The procedures and processes involved in criminal litigation

    A comprehensive overview of the criminal justice process in England and Wales, focusing on key stages from arrest through appeal. The texts detail the procedures and legal principles governing bail for suspects, highlighting the presumption in favor of release and the conditions under which bail can be denied. Furthermore, the documents explain the pre-trial stages, including the allocation of cases between the Magistrates' Court and the Crown Court based on offense severity, and the importance of case management for ensuring fair and efficient trials. Extensive information is provided on trial procedure, addressing the prosecution's burden of proof, the rules governing the admissibility of evidence (such as confession and bad character evidence), and the use of adverse inferences from a defendant's silence. Finally, the sources outline the principles of sentencing, including mitigating factors and the use of Newton hearings to resolve factual disputes, along with the appeal procedures for both conviction and sentence.

  • Oct 19, 2025 · 28 min

    Criminal Practice I: Advising clients, including vulnerable clients, about the procedure and processes at the police station

    A comprehensive overview of the rights of suspects under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and its Codes of Practice, focusing heavily on procedural safeguards during detention and investigation. These safeguards include the right to free legal advice and the right to have someone informed of the detention, both of which can be delayed only under stringent conditions and for a maximum of 36 hours. The texts also detail strict detention time limits and mandatory periodic reviews to prevent arbitrary detention. Furthermore, the sources meticulously outline various identification procedures—such as video identification and parades—which must adhere to fairness standards to minimize the risk of mistaken identification. Finally, the sources explain the suspect's right to silence, detailing the caution police must give and explaining the risk of adverse inferences if a fact is not mentioned when questioned but is later relied upon in court, while also emphasizing the crucial role of the solicitor in advising clients, particularly those considered vulnerable.

  • Oct 18, 2025 · 49 min

    Criminal Law III: Specific Criminal Offenses

    An extensive overview of several major categories of English criminal law, outlining the actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind) required for various offenses. They detail crimes against the person, such as murder, voluntary manslaughter, and common assault, clarifying the roles of partial defenses like loss of control and diminished responsibility. Furthermore, the documents examine serious property offenses, defining theft, robbery, and burglary under the Theft Act 1968, and thoroughly explaining the elements of criminal damage and arson. Finally, the sources explore the modern framework of fraud under the Fraud Act 2006, distinguishing between fraud committed by false representation, failure to disclose, and abuse of position.

  • Oct 17, 2025 · 32 min

    Criminal Law II: Parties

    Fundamental principles of criminal liability in England and Wales, focusing on both parties to a crime and inchoate offenses like attempt. The first source details the roles of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), the defendant, and the victim, distinguishing between a principal offender (who commits the actus reus and possesses the mens rea) and accomplices or secondary parties who aid, abet, counsel, or procure a crime. It further explains concepts like joint enterprise and the requirements for effective withdrawal from an offense. The second source establishes the legal framework for attempt to commit an offence, requiring an act that is more than merely preparatory to the full crime, as defined by case law like R v Gullefer and R v Jones. Crucially, conviction for attempt demands a high threshold of mens rea, specifically the intention to commit the full offense, and liability can still apply even when the crime is factually impossible, as confirmed in R v Shivpuri.

  • Oct 16, 2025 · 44 min

    Criminal Law I: Definition of The Offence

    A comprehensive SQE overview of the fundamental elements of criminal liability in English law, focusing on the concepts of actus reus (the guilty act) and mens rea (the guilty mind). The first source details actus reus, explaining how it can be proven through conduct, results, or the mere existence of a situation, alongside exceptions where an omission (failure to act) can create liability under certain duties. The second source examines mens rea, differentiating between intention, recklessness, and negligence, and introduces doctrines like transferred malice and the contemporaneity principle. Finally, the third source discusses general defences, concentrating on the rules governing intoxication, which can negate mens rea for specific intent crimes, and the principles of self-defence and defence of another, including the special allowances made for householder cases.