Research Saturday

N2K Networks

Every Saturday, we sit down with cybersecurity researchers to talk shop about the latest threats, vulnerabilities, and technical discoveries.

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21 episodes
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Avg 24 min
English

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S10 · E439
Yesterday · 23 min
Who let the AI hack?
Today we are joined by Crystal Morin, Senior Cybersecurity Strategist, and Michael Clark, Senior Director of Threat Research, at Sysdig, sharing their work on "LLMjacking evolved: Attackers are using stolen AI compute to build offensive agentic tools." The Sysdig Threat Research Team observed an attacker abusing an exposed, unauthenticated Ollama server as the “brain” for an automated offensive security tool. The AI-powered framework can fingerprint services, identify vulnerabilities, craft exploits, extract credentials, and orchestrate attacks toward command execution, with researchers capturing the tool while it was still under active development. The activity highlights how LLMjacking is evolving from simply stealing AI compute for profit into using stolen model capacity to build increasingly autonomous offensive capabilities. The research and executive brief can be found here: LLMjacking evolved: Attackers are using stolen AI compute to build offensive agentic tools
S10 · E438
August 22 · 29 min
A RAT in the spreadsheet.
Today we are joined by Aaron Beardslee, Manager of Threat Research at Securonix, discussing "Analyzing SHEET#CREEP: SHEETCREEP is up again with different config obfuscation." Securonix researchers have identified an evolved version of the SHEETCREEP espionage campaign, using a diplomatic-themed ISO phishing lure to deliver a C# remote access trojan targeting Indian diplomatic interests. The malware abuses the Google Sheets API as a stealthy command-and-control channel, with researchers identifying 91 active victim tabs, including a high-confidence target in Pakistan. The campaign, assessed with moderate confidence as linked to Pakistan-aligned APT36, has added XOR-obfuscated configurations and other anti-analysis techniques to evade detection and maintain persistent access. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠Analyzing SHEET#CREEP: SHEETCREEP is up again with different config obfuscation
S10 · E436
August 15 · 27 min
The botnet that scouts before it strikes.
Today we are joined by Ian Goldin, Senior Lead Information Security Engineer, and Mike Horka, Principal Information Security Engineer, from Lumen's Black Lotus Labs, discussing their research entitled "Expanded JDY IoT and SOHO botnet enables rapid vulnerability exploitation." Black Lotus Labs has uncovered a major resurgence of the JDY botnet, a China-nexus reconnaissance network now comprising more than 1,500 compromised SOHO and IoT devices. The botnet uses these devices to conduct targeted scanning and fingerprinting, helping threat actors rapidly identify vulnerable infrastructure—sometimes within hours of a new vulnerability disclosure—and appears to have a particular focus on U.S. military-related networks. The research highlights how compromised routers and IoT devices can be turned into distributed reconnaissance infrastructure that evades traditional IP-based defenses and supports follow-on exploitation. The research and executive brief can be found here: Expanded JDY IoT and SOHO botnet enables rapid vulnerability exploitation
S10 · E436
August 8 · 19 min
A little help from your search engine.
Today we are joined by Brian Hussey, SVP of Howler Cell Threat Services at Cyderes, discussing their work on "Bad Ads, Worse Binaries: Fake Claude Code Installer Drops Infostealer." Howler Cell identified an SEO poisoning campaign targeting people searching for Claude Code installation guides, using a fake Anthropic page and a ClickFix lure to trick victims into running a malicious MSHTA command. The attack uses a six-stage, largely fileless chain that employs an MP3/HTA polyglot, PowerShell obfuscation, AMSI bypasses, per-victim infrastructure, and in-memory execution to evade detection. The final payload is a .NET infostealer that steals credentials, while Anthropic and the legitimate Claude Code installation process were not compromised. The research and executive brief can be found here: Bad Ads, Worse Binaries: Fake Claude Code Installer Drops Infostealer
S10 · E435
August 1 · 23 min
The driver's seat to ransomware.
This week, we are joined by Marcus Hutchins, Principal Threat Researcher at Expel, sharing their work on "Not very gentlemanly: Analyzing a zero-day exploit used by The Gentlemen ransomware to disable targets’ EDRs." Researchers examine how the Gentlemen ransomware group used a previously unknown zero-day vulnerability in a legacy Windows driver to disable endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools before deploying ransomware. The report details the group's advanced bring-your-own-vulnerable-driver (BYOVD) techniques, which bypass multiple Windows security protections to gain kernel-level access and terminate protected security software. It also outlines defensive measures organizations can take, including enabling Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC), virtualization-based security (VBS), and vulnerable driver blocklists to reduce the risk of similar attacks. The research and executive brief can be found here: Not very gentlemanly: Analyzing a zero-day exploit used by The Gentlemen ransomware to disable targets’ EDRs
S10 · E434
July 25 · 17 min
Cold lures, hot targets.
This week, we are joined by Ondrej Kubovič, Security Awareness Specialist from ESET, discussing their work on "FrostyNeighbor: Fresh mischief and digital shenanigans." Ondrej walks us through ESET's latest research into FrostyNeighbor, a long-running Belarus-aligned cyberespionage group that has continued to target Ukrainian government organizations with increasingly sophisticated spearphishing campaigns. We discuss how the group uses malicious PDF lures, server-side victim validation, and an updated JavaScript-based malware chain to selectively deploy espionage tools, demonstrating its ongoing efforts to evade detection while compromising high-value targets across Eastern Europe. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠FrostyNeighbor: Fresh mischief and digital shenanigans
S10 · E433
July 18 · 17 min
When trusted sites turn.
Lauren Fievisohn, Ph.D, Senior Threat Researcher from Silent Push, is sharing their work on "Meet DriveSurge: A New Threat Actor Using ClickFix and Fake Update Drive-By Attacks in Thousands of Compromised Sites." Silent Push researchers have identified a newly named threat actor, DriveSurge, which has compromised thousands of legitimate websites and uses ClickFix and fake browser update lures to distribute malware at scale through a pay-per-install operation. The group leverages a traffic distribution system called zTDS to silently redirect visitors from trusted websites to malicious payloads, while employing sophisticated infrastructure, obfuscation, and fingerprinting techniques to evade detection. The report also details how DriveSurge targets both Windows and macOS users and provides defenders with eight infrastructure fingerprints to help identify and disrupt the campaign. The research and executive brief can be found here: Meet DriveSurge: A New Threat Actor Using ClickFix and Fake Update Drive-By Attacks in Thousands of Compromised Sites
S10 · E432
July 11 · 29 min
Conti-versal opinions.
Today we are joined by Geoff White, host of Cyber Hack and BBC journalist, taking a deep dive into the Conti ransomware gang. Geoff explores an in-depth investigation into the notorious Conti ransomware gang, drawing from thousands of leaked internal messages to reveal how the group operated behind the scenes. The research uncovers surprising internal debates over targeting healthcare organizations, the fallout from accidentally exposing sensitive Saudi royal family data, and frantic efforts to free an arrested gang member. It also offers a rare look at Conti leader Vitaliy Kovalev through newly uncovered video footage, providing an unprecedented glimpse into one of cybercrime's most influential figures.
S1 · E4
July 4 · 24 min
Is your enterprise AI strategy delivering ROI yet? [AI Security Brief]
While we take a break this 4th of July weekend, please enjoy this encore of AI Security Brief. Your enterprise AI strategy isn’t as far along as you think. The reality for most organizations today is that AI is disrupting existing processes more than it’s delivering outcomes… so far. And according to Dr. Grace Trinidad, Research Director at IDC, that’s how it should be. In this episode, host Johnny Hand sits down with Dr. Grace to discuss how AI adoption follows the same pattern as almost every major digital transformation, and why this disruption phase we’re in is messy, yet critically important. What we cover: How history demonstrates that automation across industries created disruption well before delivering value Why your AI adoption strategy is much more than simple tool deployment What business and technology leaders need to consider as they integrate AI into operational workflows How token consumption and AI FinOps are the emerging security and cost risk How AI ontologies will be the next real business differentiator Why stick around: If you’ve been wondering if your organization’s AI adoption strategy is ahead of the curve, Dr. Grace will give you a much clearer picture of where you really stand. Episode resources: Dr. Grace Trinidad on LinkedIn Securing the AI Enterprise: 5 Key Steps for Business Leaders Closing the Governance Gap in Agentic AI ⁠Johnny Hand on LinkedIn TrendAI on LinkedIn About AI Security Brief AI Security Brief is where security and technology leaders come to get ahead. Join us for real conversations on the AI trends, threats, and decisions that can't wait. About TrendAI™ TrendAI™ empowers organizations to lead the future of AI with proactive security designed to inspire innovation and eliminate risk. TrendAI™. AI Fearlessly.
S10 · E431
June 27 · 24 min
More bark than byte.
This week we are joined by Daniel Schwalbe, Chief Information Security Officer & Head of Investigations at DomainTools, discussing their work on "ZionSiphon OT Malware First Attempts? Psyops? Both?" Researchers at DomainTools take a closer look at ZionSiphon, a purported operational technology malware sample targeting the water sector, and find that despite its alarming appearance, it lacks many of the capabilities needed to function as a credible cyber-physical weapon. They break down the malware's architecture, its operational shortcomings, and why it may be more of a prototype or proof of concept than a deployable threat. With heightened concern surrounding attacks on critical infrastructure amid the ongoing U.S.-Iran conflict, the research offers timely insight into separating genuine OT threats from overhyped malware. The research and executive brief can be found here: Threat Intelligence Report: ZionSiphon OT Malware First Attempts? Psyops? Both?
S10 · E430
June 20 · 28 min
Peeling back Banana RAT.
This week, we are joined by Tom Kellermann, TrendAI's VP of AI Security and Threat Research, discussing their work on "Inside SHADOW-WATER-063’s Banana RAT: From Build Server to Banking Fraud." Researchers from TrendAI's MDR team uncovered the full operation behind Banana RAT, a sophisticated banking trojan they track as SHADOW-WATER-063, by analyzing both attacker infrastructure and infected victim systems. The malware uses fileless PowerShell execution, layered obfuscation, and remote-control capabilities to steal credentials, manipulate banking sessions, intercept Pix QR code payments, and facilitate financial fraud targeting Brazilian banks. The campaign appears to be operated by a Brazilian Portuguese-speaking cybercriminal group with ties to the broader Tetrade banking malware ecosystem and may be evolving toward a malware-as-a-service model. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠Inside SHADOW-WATER-063’s Banana RAT: From Build Server to Banking Fraud
S10 · E429
June 13 · 22 min
This Sparrow doesn't migrate.
Martin Zugec, Technical Solutions Director at Bitdefender, discussing their work on "FamousSparrow APT Targets Azerbaijani Oil and Gas Industry." Bitdefender researchers uncovered a sustained cyber espionage campaign by the China-linked FamousSparrow group targeting an Azerbaijani oil and gas company, highlighting the growing focus on critical energy infrastructure in the South Caucasus. The attackers repeatedly exploited the same vulnerable Microsoft Exchange server over multiple months, deploying evolving versions of Deed RAT and Terndoor malware through sophisticated DLL sideloading techniques designed to evade detection and maintain persistence. The operation underscores FamousSparrow's adaptability and persistence, demonstrating how advanced threat actors continually refine their tooling and return to compromised environments until vulnerabilities are fully remediated and access is cut off. The research and executive brief can be found here: FamousSparrow APT Targets Azerbaijani Oil and Gas Industry
S10 · E428
June 6 · 21 min
You've been muted...permanently.
Ismael Valenzuela, Arctic Wolf’s VP of Labs, Threat Research and Intelligence, discusses their work on "BlueNoroff Uses ClickFix, Fileless PowerShell, and AI-Generated Fake Zoom Meetings to Target Web3 Sector." Arctic Wolf researchers uncovered a sophisticated campaign by North Korean threat group Lazarus Group subgroup BlueNoroff that targets cryptocurrency and Web3 executives through fake Zoom and Microsoft Teams meetings, using typo-squatted links, ClickFix-style attacks, and AI-generated deepfakes to steal credentials and cryptocurrency-related data. The attackers built a self-reinforcing operation that captures victims’ webcam footage and Telegram sessions, then repurposes those assets alongside AI-generated images to create increasingly convincing fake meeting participants for future attacks. Researchers identified more than 100 victims across 20 countries, with the campaign primarily targeting CEOs, founders, investors, and senior leaders in the cryptocurrency, blockchain, and financial sectors as part of a long-running effort to steal digital assets and gain access to high-value networks. The research and executive brief can be found here: BlueNoroff Uses ClickFix, Fileless PowerShell, and AI-Generated Fake Zoom Meetings to Target Web3 Sector
S10 · E427
May 30 · 24 min
The skills pay the bills.
Today we are joined by Marco Giuliani, Vice President & Head of Research at ThreatDown, discussing their work on "GachiLoader adopts AI skill lure." Threat actors are now using fake AI agent “skills” as highly convincing social engineering lures, with a new campaign disguising the GachiLoader malware as a legitimate OpenClaw tool for automated Polymarket betting. Victims are tricked through fake installation guides and polished Electron apps into downloading malware that deploys the Rhadamanthys infostealer using fileless injection and blockchain-based command-and-control infrastructure. Researchers say the campaign marks an evolution in cybercrime, turning AI skill ecosystems into a new phishing-style attack surface. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠GachiLoader adopts AI skill lure
S10 · E426
May 23 · 25 min
Ghosted by Grafana
Today we are joined by ⁠Sasi Levi⁠, Security Research Lead at ⁠Noma Security⁠, sharing their team's work on "GrafanaGhost: The Phantom Stealing Your Data." Researchers at Noma Security disclosed “GrafanaGhost,” a vulnerability that could allow attackers to silently exfiltrate sensitive business data from Grafana dashboards using indirect prompt injection techniques. The attack chains together multiple bypasses, including protocol-relative URLs and AI guardrail manipulation, to trick Grafana into sending sensitive data to attacker-controlled servers without requiring user interaction. Researchers say the flaw highlights growing risks tied to AI-integrated enterprise platforms, where attackers increasingly target AI behavior and weak security controls instead of traditional software bugs. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠GrafanaGhost: The Phantom Stealing Your Data⁠
S10 · E425
May 16 · 26 min
Scam papers served.
⁠⁠Thomas Elkins⁠⁠, SOC L3 Analyst from ⁠⁠BlueVoyant⁠⁠, is discussing "Unpacking Augmented Marauder’s Multi-Pronged Casbaneiro Campaigns." BlueVoyant researchers uncovered a large-scale phishing campaign by a Brazil-linked threat group targeting Spanish-speaking users across Latin America and Europe, using fake judicial summons emails, WhatsApp attacks, ClickFix tactics, and email phishing to spread the Casbaneiro banking trojan through the Horabot malware framework. The campaign uses sophisticated evasion methods including password-protected PDFs, dynamically generated ZIP filenames, anti-sandbox checks, fileless execution, and customized phishing lures to bypass security tools while turning infected systems into self-propagating botnets that hijack Outlook and webmail accounts to spread further attacks. Researchers say the operation highlights how the Augmented Marauder group (also known as Water Saci) is rapidly evolving its malware ecosystem, combining WhatsApp automation, dynamic phishing infrastructure, and advanced banking malware delivery into a highly adaptable, multi-pronged cybercrime operation. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠Unpacking Augmented Marauder’s Multi-Pronged Casbaneiro Campaigns⁠
S10 · E424
May 9 · 24 min
The spy who logged me in.
Mark Kelly, Staff Threat Researcher at Proofpoint, is discussing their work on "I’d come running back to EU again: TA416 resumes European government espionage campaigns." China-linked threat group TA416 has resumed large-scale phishing and malware campaigns targeting European governments, diplomatic missions tied to the EU and NATO, and more recently Middle Eastern entities following the outbreak of conflict in Iran. The group has continually evolved its tactics between mid-2025 and early 2026, using techniques like fake Cloudflare verification pages, Microsoft OAuth redirect abuse, and malicious C# project files to deliver customized PlugX malware through spearphishing campaigns. Researchers say the renewed activity reflects shifting geopolitical priorities tied to EU-China tensions, the Russia-Ukraine war, and instability in the Middle East, while highlighting TA416’s ongoing focus on intelligence gathering against diplomatic networks. The research and executive brief can be found here: I’d come running back to EU again: TA416 resumes European government espionage campaigns
S10 · E423
May 2 · 30 min
Double-edged threat.
Today we are joined by Justin Albrecht, Principal Researcher at Lookout, discussing "Attackers Wielding DarkSword Threaten iOS Users." DarkSword is a highly sophisticated iOS exploit chain discovered by Lookout that targets iPhones (iOS 18.4–18.6.2), enabling near zero-click compromise and rapid theft of sensitive data, including credentials and cryptocurrency wallet information. Likely deployed by a Russia-linked threat actor (UNC6353) against Ukrainian users, it uses watering hole attacks on compromised websites and operates in a “hit-and-run” fashion—exfiltrating data within minutes before wiping traces. The campaign highlights a growing secondary market for advanced exploits, allowing financially motivated groups to access powerful tools once reserved for state actors, significantly expanding the mobile threat landscape. The research and executive brief can be found here: ⁠Attackers Wielding DarkSword Threaten iOS Users
S10 · E422
April 25 · 18 min
A QRazy clever scam.
This week, we are joined by Juliana Testa, Senior Security Engineer from 7AI, sharing their work on "Quish Splash - When the QR Code Is the Weapon: A Multi-Wave Phishing Campaign That Slipped Past Every Filter." A large-scale “quishing” campaign used QR codes embedded in image attachments to hide phishing URLs, allowing 28 out of 33 emails to bypass SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and Microsoft Defender and land directly in inboxes. Each recipient received a unique QR code and tracking ID, defeating traditional detection methods and enabling attackers to scale the campaign to over 1.6 million emails across multiple organizations while shifting execution to less-secure mobile devices. The attack was ultimately uncovered through AI-driven alerting combined with human analysis and threat hunting, highlighting a major blind spot in email security and the need for QR code inspection, mobile protections, and tighter auto-reply controls. The research and executive brief can be found here: Quish Splash - When the QR Code Is the Weapon: A Multi-Wave Phishing Campaign That Slipped Past Every Filter.
S10 · E421
April 18 · 21 min
A new breed of RAT.
Today we are joined by Dr. Darren Williams, Founder and CEO of BlackFog, to discuss his team's work on "Steaelite RAT Enables Double Extortion Attacks from a Single Panel." A new remote access trojan, Steaelite, is being marketed on underground forums as an all-in-one platform that combines remote access, credential theft, surveillance, and ransomware deployment through a single browser-based dashboard. Unlike traditional cybercrime toolchains, it merges data exfiltration and ransomware capabilities into one interface, with automated credential harvesting beginning as soon as a victim is infected. The tool signals a growing shift toward streamlined “double extortion” attacks, where data theft and encryption happen within the same system—raising the stakes for defenders to stop threats before data is exfiltrated. The research and executive brief can be found here: Steaelite RAT Enables Double Extortion Attacks from a Single Panel

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