Rehab Science

Dr. Tom Walters

Why does pain persist when an injury should have healed? Do you really need surgery? What does an MRI actually tell you? And how do you know what exercises will help you recover?
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On the Rehab Science podcast, Dr. Tom Walters breaks down real rehabilitation problems and explains how an experienced clinician thinks through them.
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Each episode explores the story behind an injury or pain condition, the clues that matter, common misconceptions, and the reasoning behind an effective rehabilitation plan. You'll also hear conversations with leading clinicians, researchers, surgeons, and other experts about the science of pain, movement, injury, and recovery.
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From back pain and disc injuries to shoulder problems, tendon injuries, running injuries, and chronic pain, the goal is always the same: to separate what we know from what we assume and give you a clearer path forward.
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Real cases. Better questions. Smarter rehabilitation.
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Whether you're dealing with an injury yourself, helping someone recover, or simply want to better understand how the human body works, Rehab Science will help you think differently about pain, movement, and recovery.

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S1 · E49
Friday · 18 min
Posterior Shoulder Pain After Injury: Rotator Cuff or Labral Tear?
A traumatic shoulder injury can leave you wondering: Did I tear something, and do I need an MRI or surgery? In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, I discuss the case of a friend who developed persistent posterior shoulder pain after a fall while mountain biking. Although his shoulder had improved significantly over several months, he continued to experience pain with throwing and reaching into the backseat of his car. We discuss the potential causes of posterior shoulder pain after trauma, including rotator cuff and labral injuries, and why symptoms alone don't always tell us which structure is responsible. More importantly, we explore how clinical findings such as strength, range of motion, instability, apprehension, pain at rest, and changes in function over time can help guide treatment decisions. In this episode, we discuss: The potential causes of posterior shoulder pain after a traumatic injury The anatomy and function of the rotator cuff, particularly the infraspinatus and teres minor How traumatic injuries can affect the labrum Why a suspected structural injury doesn't automatically mean surgery is necessary When imaging may be helpful after a shoulder injury Why improving strength and function are important clinical indicators How progressive shoulder mobility, strengthening, and stability exercises can support recovery The importance of eventually returning to the specific activities that provoke symptoms Why we should treat the person and their functional limitations rather than simply treating an MRI finding Key takeaway A significant injury can occur without requiring surgery. When someone is demonstrating progressive improvement in mobility, strength, and function, conservative rehabilitation is often an appropriate place to start. The goal isn't always to identify every structure that may have been injured. The goal is to determine what the person needs to restore function and build the capacity to return to the activities they enjoy. Shoulder Mobility Exercises: https://youtu.be/_GoXq9H0hqg?si=IbKo-2ijyNuzS2xE Shoulder Stability Exercises: https://youtu.be/TK_tZzqgr4c?si=xC4SPDuUlUGSxyPv Book Link: https://amzn.to/3SCJn1M App Link: https://rehabscience.com/membership/
S1 · E48
August 6 · 1 hr 43 min
How to Avoid Frailty: Why Strength Is the Key to Healthy Aging
As we age, one of the greatest threats to long-term health isn't just disease. It's the gradual loss of strength, muscle mass, and physical function that can ultimately lead to frailty. In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Jeremy Bettle, PhD to discuss why strength training is one of the most powerful tools we have for maintaining independence, preventing injury, and improving quality of life throughout the lifespan. We explore the relationship between strength and healthy aging, the role of exercise in reducing fall risk and osteoporosis, and why rehabilitation often falls short of preparing people to return to the activities they value most. In this episode, we discuss: • What frailty is and why it develops • Why strength is one of the strongest predictors of long-term health and function • The relationship between muscle mass, aging, and independence • How resistance training influences bone health and osteoporosis • Strategies for reducing fall risk • The connection between strength, brain health, and cognitive function • Common shortcomings in traditional rehabilitation • What "return to performance" should really look like after an injury • Practical advice for building and maintaining strength at any age Whether you're recovering from an injury, trying to stay active as you age, or simply looking to improve your long-term health, this episode provides practical insights into why strength should be a lifelong priority. Link for my first podcast with Dr. Bettle: https://open.spotify.com/episode/77Olhy3pnxICBFENDpRnTb?si=d173e3834ad843bc Dr. Bettle's website: https://vitality-collective.com/
S1 · E46
July 30 · 23 min
Why Your Neck Pain Travels Into Your Arm
In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, Dr. Tom Walters discusses one of the most common causes of neck pain that radiates into the shoulder and arm: cervical radiculopathy. Using a real patient case, Dr. Walters explains how recurring neck tension and intermittent arm tingling ultimately led to the diagnosis of a C5-C6 disc herniation with narrowing of the intervertebral foramen. More importantly, he discusses why MRI findings are only one piece of the diagnostic puzzle and why many people have disc bulges and herniations without experiencing any symptoms. You'll learn how cervical disc herniations can irritate nearby nerve roots, the anatomy and biomechanics of the cervical spine, and why a thorough history and physical examination are just as important as imaging when determining the source of a person's symptoms. The episode also covers evidence-based rehabilitation strategies, including cervical mobility, thoracic mobility, shoulder mobility, deep neck strengthening, and nerve mobilization exercises. Finally, Dr. Walters reviews common medical management options, including medications, epidural steroid injections, and when surgery may be appropriate. In This Episode What cervical radiculopathy is and why it develops A real patient case involving a C5-C6 disc herniation The anatomy and biomechanics of the cervical spine Why MRI findings don't always correlate with symptoms The difference between treating an MRI and treating the patient Evidence-based rehabilitation principles Medical management options, including medications, injections, and surgery When to seek further medical evaluation Key Takeaway A cervical disc bulge or herniation does not automatically explain your symptoms. Imaging should always be interpreted alongside your history, physical examination, and neurological findings. For many people, a comprehensive rehabilitation program focused on restoring mobility, strength, and nerve function can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Resources YouTube Video Link Rehab Science Book Link Rehab Science App Link
S1 · E46
July 23 · 11 min
How to Rehab Patellar Tendinopathy
In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, Dr. Tom Walters discusses patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee, one of the most common causes of pain just below the kneecap in active adults. Using a real patient case, Dr. Walters explains why patellar tendinopathy often develops after returning to sports like basketball or volleyball following a long break from explosive exercise. You'll learn how tendons adapt to load, why a sudden increase in jumping or running can exceed a tendon's current capacity, and why complete rest is rarely the best long-term solution. The episode also covers the anatomy and biomechanics of the patellar tendon, common symptoms, evidence-based rehabilitation principles, and how progressive strengthening can help you safely return to the activities you enjoy. In This Episode Why patellar tendinopathy develops A real patient story about returning to beach volleyball The anatomy and function of the patellar tendon The role of load management and tendon capacity Why complete rest often delays recovery Progressive loading principles for tendon rehabilitation Tips for safely returning to running, jumping, and sports Resources 📖 Book: Rehab Science: How to Overcome Pain and Heal From Injury. 📱 Rehab Science App: Guided rehabilitation programs, strength progressions, and mobility routines for common orthopedic injuries. 🎥 YouTube: Watch my patellar tendinopathy exercise progression featuring goblet squats, forward lunges, step-downs, and hopping progressions. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider subscribing to the Rehab Science Podcast and leaving a review. Your support helps us reach more people looking for evidence-based guidance on overcoming pain and improving movement.
S1 · E45
July 16 · 9 min
Hip Labral Tears: Do You Really Need Surgery?
Receiving a diagnosis of a hip labral tear can be intimidating, but it doesn't automatically mean surgery is your only option. In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, I discuss what the hip labrum does, why labral tears develop, and why MRI findings don't always explain a person's pain. Through the story of a patient who successfully returned to an active lifestyle after years of martial arts training, I explain how activity modification, progressive strengthening, and thoughtful load management can often help people manage their symptoms without surgery. You'll also learn why movements like deep squats, lunges, and prolonged running may aggravate a symptomatic labral tear, and how simple adjustments can allow you to continue exercising while your hip becomes stronger and more resilient. In this episode, you'll learn: • What the hip labrum does and why labral tears occur • Common symptoms of a symptomatic hip labral tear • Why an MRI doesn't always tell the whole story • When rehabilitation should be considered before surgery • How modifying movement can reduce irritation without giving up exercise • Four exercises that help strengthen the muscles supporting the hip Whether you've recently been diagnosed with a hip labral tear or you're simply trying to better understand persistent groin or anterior hip pain, this episode will help you make sense of the diagnosis and provide practical strategies to keep you moving. Resources: Labral Tear Exercises: https://youtu.be/345qvLAYoi4?si=wisOnV5V7igx1HrY Book Link: https://amzn.to/3RD0Syo App Link: https://rehabscience.com/membership/
S1 · E44
July 9 · 18 min
Tibialis Anterior Tendinopathy: Why the Front of Your Ankle Hurts
Pain along the front of the ankle or shin is a common complaint, but one potential cause is often overlooked: tibialis anterior tendinopathy. The tibialis anterior is a muscle located along the front of the shin that plays a critical role in walking, running, and other lower-body activities. Its tendon travels across the front of the ankle and attaches to the inside of the foot. This muscle helps lift the foot during the swing phase of walking and controls the lowering of the foot after the heel contacts the ground. When the tibialis anterior tendon is exposed to more stress than it can currently tolerate, it can become painful and irritated. This may occur after a sudden increase in walking, running, hiking, hill training, or other activities that increase demand on the front of the ankle. In this episode, we discuss: The anatomy and function of the tibialis anterior muscle and tendon The biomechanics of the ankle during walking and running Why this tendon can become painful with increased activity Common symptoms associated with tibialis anterior tendinopathy How to differentiate it from other causes of shin and ankle pain The role of progressive loading in tendon recovery Exercises and rehabilitation strategies to improve tendon capacity and return to activity A key concept in treating tendinopathy is understanding that tendons adapt to the loads placed upon them. While rest may temporarily reduce symptoms, long-term recovery typically requires a gradual and progressive strengthening program that improves the tendon's ability to tolerate everyday demands. If you experience pain along the front of your ankle or shin, especially with walking, running, hills, or stairs, tibialis anterior tendinopathy may be one possible explanation. With the right approach, most people can successfully return to the activities they enjoy. Topics covered: Tibialis anterior anatomy Ankle dorsiflexion biomechanics Tendon adaptation and load tolerance Causes of anterior ankle pain Rehabilitation principles for tendinopathy Exercises for restoring strength and function Resources: Rehab Science book: Rehab Science: How to Overcome Pain and Heal From Injury Rehab Science app: Comprehensive exercise programs and rehabilitation guidance for common musculoskeletal conditions Tibialis Anterior YouTube Video
S1 · E43
March 11 · 55 min
Understanding Pain: Why It's More Than Just Tissue Damage
Pain isn't just physical—it's a complex interplay of biology, emotions, and social factors. Are you aware of how this affects your pain? In our latest podcast, Dr. Rachel Zoffness, PhD, breaks down the biopsychosocial model of pain. She explains that pain is not just about anatomy or injuries; it's a mix of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Understanding this can empower you to take control of your pain management. It's not just about pills or procedures; it's about recognizing the emotional and social components that play a role in your experience of pain. Pain is a ubiquitous human problem. Everyone deserves to understand what's happening in their body and how to address it holistically. Check out the full episode for more insights!
S1 · E42
Dec 22, 2025 · 10 min
SLAP Tears of the Shoulder: What They Are and How They're Treated
SLAP tears refer to injuries of the superior labrum of the shoulder, where the long head of the biceps tendon attaches to the glenoid. These tears are commonly identified on imaging, particularly in overhead athletes and aging populations, but their presence does not always explain pain or dysfunction. The shoulder relies heavily on soft tissue structures for stability, and the biceps–labral complex is exposed to significant load during overhead and deceleration activities. Importantly, labral changes are frequently seen in asymptomatic individuals, highlighting that structural findings alone do not equate to symptoms. Clinically, SLAP tears may present with deep shoulder pain, discomfort during overhead activity, clicking sensations, or fatigue with repeated use, though symptoms often overlap with other shoulder conditions. Diagnosis is challenging, as no single clinical test is highly accurate and imaging frequently reveals incidental findings. Meaningful diagnosis requires correlating symptoms, functional limitations, and activity demands rather than relying on imaging alone. From a treatment standpoint, conservative management is the first-line approach for most individuals. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring shoulder strength, scapular control, and load tolerance rather than "fixing" the labrum itself. While surgery may be appropriate in select cases, many people experience meaningful improvement with well-structured physical therapy. This episode explores how education, progressive loading, and evidence-based rehab strategies can help individuals return to function, even in the presence of a diagnosed SLAP tear. Link for my book: https://amzn.to/3Ld7ssd Link for my app: https://rehabscience.com/membership/ YouTube SLAP rehab video: https://youtu.be/FwiDJ6hoaYo?si=924NiLBuqPxBri0g
S1 · E41
Dec 16, 2025 · 8 min
When Shoulder Blade Pain Is Actually Coming From Your Neck
Pain between the shoulder blades is often blamed on tight muscles, poor posture, or a stubborn "knot" that just won't go away. But in many cases, that pain isn't coming from the shoulder blade region at all. In this episode of Rehab Science, Dr. Tom Walters explains how irritation of the cervical spine and lower cervical nerve roots can refer pain into the interscapular region. You'll learn why local treatments often provide only temporary relief, how neural anatomy explains these referral patterns, and how rehabilitation interventions can address the true driver of symptoms. This episode is especially relevant for anyone who spends long hours at a computer, experiences upper back or shoulder blade pain that changes with neck movement, or wants a clearer understanding of how referred pain works. Here is a YouTube video with a few exercises that can help with this type of pain. Follow & Learn More YouTube: YouTube.com/rehabscience Instagram: Instagram.com/rehabscience Website: Rehabscience.com Newsletter: Rehabscience.com/subscribe If you found this episode helpful, consider subscribing and sharing it with someone who deals with ongoing neck or shoulder blade pain.
S1 · E40
Oct 15, 2025 · 18 min
Navigating a Rotator Cuff Tear — Rehab or Surgery?
In this episode of the Rehab Science podcast, Dr. Tom Walters, DPT, breaks down everything you need to know about rotator cuff tears—from anatomy and injury mechanisms to decision-making around rehab versus surgical repair. Dr. Walters explains the role of the four rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) and why the supraspinatus tendon is most often affected. He also discusses the difference between partial and full-thickness tears, and how imaging findings don't always predict pain or function. Listeners will learn when rehabilitation is the preferred approach and when surgical repair may be necessary. Drawing on current research and clinical experience, Dr. Walters emphasizes the value of progressive strengthening, scapular stabilization, and load management—highlighting that most people can recover full, pain-free function without surgery. The episode concludes with practical advice for restoring shoulder strength and confidence through movement. 🔗 Resources 📘 Rehab Science: How to Overcome Pain and Heal From Injury 🎥 Rotator Cuff Rehab Exercises on YouTube 🌐 Rehab Science App
S1 · E39
Sep 8, 2025 · 15 min
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Diagnosis & Treatment Strategies
In this solo episode, Dr. Tom Walters breaks down thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)—a condition caused by compression of the nerves and blood vessels as they pass from the neck into the arm. He begins with an introduction to the condition and explains the difference between neurogenic and vascular TOS, highlighting key symptoms that require urgent medical referral. Dr. Walters then discusses how to differentiate TOS from cervical radiculopathy, a common source of confusion in clinical practice, focusing on symptom distribution, aggravating positions, and relevant clinical tests. Finally, he outlines the most effective physical therapy interventions for neurogenic TOS, including postural retraining, mobility work, scapular strengthening, breathing strategies, and activity modification. This episode is ideal for anyone interested in learning more about the anatomy, diagnosis, and rehab management of TOS, from clinicians to patients dealing with upper extremity pain and dysfunction. Rehab Science Book YouTube video References Illig KA, Donahue D, Duncan A, et al. Reporting standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2016;64(3):e23-e35. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2016.04.039 Povlsen B, Hansson T, Povlsen SD. Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(11):CD007218. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007218.pub3 Gillard J, Perez-Cousin M, Hachulla E, et al. Diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome: contribution of provocative tests, ultrasonography, electrophysiology, and helical computed tomography in 48 patients. Joint Bone Spine. 2001;68(5):416-424. doi:10.1016/S1297-319X(01)00331-2 Balci AE, Balci TA, Cakir O, et al. Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: effect and results of surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75(4):1091-1096. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04603-0
S1 · E38
Jul 28, 2025 · 17 min
Trapezius Myalgia: Diagnosis & Treatment Strategies
In this episode of the Rehab Science podcast, Dr. Tom Walters, DPT, breaks down one of the most common sources of neck and shoulder discomfort—trapezius myalgia. Often experienced as persistent tightness or aching in the upper trapezius muscle, this condition affects individuals who spend long periods sitting, working at a computer, or holding static postures under stress. Dr. Walters discusses the underlying anatomy and biomechanics of the trapezius, highlighting how postural overload, fatigue, and nervous system sensitization contribute to chronic discomfort. He explains why passive strategies like stretching alone may be insufficient, and emphasizes the role of progressive resistance training in improving muscle function and reducing symptoms. The episode concludes with practical movement strategies, rehab principles, and key behavioral tips for lasting relief. Resources 📘 Rehab Science Book on Amazon 🎥 Rehab Science YouTube Channel References Andersen LL, Jørgensen MB, Blangsted AK, et al. Effect of physical training on pain sensitivity and trapezius muscle morphology in females with trapezius myalgia: randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008;105(4):1128-1134. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90391.2008 Larsen CM, Hansen M, Hansen EA. Effectiveness of strength training versus stretching exercises for the treatment of trapezius myalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013;39(2):143-150. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3320 Blangsted AK, Søgaard K, Hansen EA, et al. The effect of physical coordination training on posture, muscle activation, and musculoskeletal symptoms in office workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2008;34(1):55-65. doi:10.5271/sjweh.1194
S1 · E37
Jul 1, 2025 · 19 min
Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies
In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, Dr. Tom Walters discusses proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT), a common condition affecting athletes, particularly runners and lifters. He explains the anatomy, biomechanics, and causes of PHT, emphasizing the importance of understanding the condition as a sensitivity issue rather than inflammation or a tear. The episode covers diagnostic strategies, effective rehabilitation techniques, and treatment options, highlighting the significance of gradual loading and physical therapy in recovery. Takeaways Proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is common among active individuals. Chronic mechanical overload is a primary cause of PHT. Symptoms often worsen with activities involving hip flexion and knee extension. Diagnosis is typically clinical and does not require imaging. Physical therapy is the cornerstone of PHT treatment. Gradual resistance training is essential for tendon healing. Rest alone will not lead to healing of tendinopathies. Education and movement-based care are crucial for recovery. PHT can be frustrating but responds well to proper rehab strategies. Most individuals can return to full activity without surgery. YouTube Link Amazon Book Link Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy 02:55 Understanding the Anatomy and Biomechanics 06:09 Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis 08:49 Rehabilitation and Treatment Strategies 15:08 Medical Interventions and Final Thoughts
S1 · E36
Jun 3, 2025 · 1 hr 2 min
Pain Free Performance with Dr. John Rusin
In this episode of the Rehab Science Podcast, Dr. Tom Walters interviews Dr. John Rusin, a physical therapist and injury prevention specialist. They discuss the concept of pain-free performance, which is a movement system designed to help individuals transition from pain to optimal performance. Dr. Rusin shares his background in professional athletics and how it shaped his approach to training and rehabilitation. The conversation delves into the importance of individualized training, movement quality, and the six foundational movement patterns. They also explore the significance of movement screens and assessments, the six-phase warm-up sequence, and the structure of Dr. Rusin's new book on pain-free performance. In this conversation, John Rusin and Tom Walters delve into the intricacies of movement patterns and performance training. They discuss the importance of creating a comprehensive movement program that caters to individual needs, assessing movement patterns for optimal performance, and the significance of a non-dogmatic approach to training. The conversation emphasizes understanding movement quality, spinal neutrality, and the necessity of individualized training to liberate movement and enhance overall performance. Visit the links below to learn more about John's certification program and his new book: Pain Free Performance Specialist Certification Pain Free Performance Book
S1 · E35
May 28, 2025 · 23 min
Cervical Radiculopathy: Diagnosis & Treatment strategies
In this episode of Rehab Science, Dr. Tom Walters, DPT, breaks down cervical radiculopathy—a common condition involving compression or irritation of the nerve roots in the neck. He explores the relevant cervical spine anatomy, including how disc herniations or degenerative changes like bone spurs can narrow the neural foramina and impinge nerve roots, leading to symptoms that radiate from the neck into the arm and hand. Dr. Walters reviews hallmark symptoms such as radiating pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness, and discusses how these typically follow a dermatomal distribution depending on the affected cervical level. Dr. Walters also explains the clinical examination process for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy, including provocative orthopedic tests and the role of imaging like MRI when necessary. He outlines both medical and physical therapy approaches to treatment—ranging from anti-inflammatory medications and injections to targeted rehab strategies like cervical traction, neural mobilization, postural correction, and strengthening exercises. The episode wraps up with practical advice for managing this condition through movement-based rehabilitation. YouTube Video with Exercises Nerve Mobilization Exercises Amazon Book Link
S1 · E34
May 6, 2025 · 1 hr 8 min
Chronic Pain Rehabilitation with Dr. Mark Kargela
In today's episode, I speak with Dr. Mark Kargela, a seasoned clinician and educator, about chronic pain—its complexity, its impact, and how practitioners can better support patients struggling with it. The discussion focuses on shifting clinical approaches from tissue-centric models to ones that integrate contemporary neuroscience and lived experience. Key topics include: Understanding Chronic Pain: The conversation defines chronic pain not simply by duration (e.g., beyond three months), but as a biopsychosocial phenomenon that fundamentally changes the nervous system. Dr. Kargela emphasizes that chronic pain is often not a direct marker of tissue damage, but a protective output of the nervous system influenced by biology, psychology, and social factors. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE): Both clinicians stress the importance of PNE in helping patients reframe their pain experience. Teaching people how pain works can reduce fear and catastrophizing, improve self-efficacy, and set the foundation for graded movement and recovery. Central Sensitization and Nervous System Dysregulation: The discussion highlights how sensitized neural pathways can perpetuate pain even in the absence of tissue pathology. Techniques that modulate the nervous system—such as breathing, sleep optimization, gentle movement, and mindfulness—are presented as key therapeutic tools. Limitations of Traditional Biomedical Models: Dr. Kargela critiques overly mechanical approaches that chase tissue "damage" or perfect biomechanics, advocating instead for approaches that validate patient experiences and support behavior change. Clinician Takeaways: The episode encourages health and fitness professionals to: Ask better questions that uncover contributors to a person's pain narrative. Shift from "fixing" people to coaching them toward resilience. Recognize that empathy, listening, and patient-led goals are central to helping people move forward. To learn more about Mark's work, visit his social media accounts and website below. Instagram: Modern Pain Care YouTube: Modern Pain Care Pain Courses for Clinicians
S1 · E33
Apr 15, 2025 · 15 min
Supraspinatus Tendinopathy: Diagnosis & Treatment Strategies
The supraspinatus is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff, originating from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserting onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. Its primary function is to initiate shoulder abduction and contribute to dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint, particularly by resisting excessive superior translation of the humeral head. Due to its position and role, the supraspinatus is highly susceptible to mechanical compression beneath the acromion, especially in individuals with poor scapular control or altered rotator cuff coordination. Research suggests that supraspinatus tendinopathy and tears are among the most common sources of rotator cuff-related pain, particularly in overhead athletes and older adults. However, not all supraspinatus pathology is symptomatic, emphasizing the importance of assessing strength, movement patterns, and pain reproduction rather than relying solely on imaging findings when determining clinical relevance. Several studies have shown that rotator cuff tears can be observed on MRI when testing people who are asymptomatic (pain-free), which means they may simply be a normal age-related change. However, if you have pain and limited shoulder function and have evidence of a rotator cuff tear or tendinopathy on imaging, then your symptoms and the image may be correlated. Here is one study you might like to read if you want to learn more about this research. When treating supraspinatus tendon tears and tendinopathy, physical therapists focus on pain management, restoring shoulder function, and strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers. Early rehab emphasizes activity modification, isometric exercises, and gentle mobility work to reduce pain and maintain range of motion. Scapular control exercises help optimize shoulder mechanics, while posterior capsule stretching may be included if tightness contributes to impingement. As symptoms improve, progressive strengthening of the rotator cuff, particularly in external rotation and abduction, helps restore tendon resilience and function. In later rehab stages, eccentric loading, plyometric drills, and functional training are introduced to improve tendon capacity and dynamic stability, especially for individuals returning to overhead activities. Education on load management, proper movement mechanics, and long-term maintenance exercises is essential to prevent recurrence. While partial tears and tendinopathy often respond well to conservative care, full-thickness tears may require surgical consideration, followed by a structured rehabilitation program. Here is a video from my YouTube channel that covers a few exercises that often help people suffering from supraspinatus pain and dysfunction. I hope the tips in this podcast were helpful and you feel better equipped to treat supraspinatus issues! Besides the YouTube video I linked in this episode, my book contains comprehensive programs for the 50 most common orthopedic conditions, including rotator cuff injuries. The programs are broken into three phases and include exercises that can be used to help prevent injuries as well as help you recover from an injury. If you want to learn more about my book, visit my website or click the Amazon link. Thanks for reading and I hope you have a great day! Dr. Tom
S1 · E32
Nov 6, 2024 · 19 min
Gluteal Tendinopathy - Diagnosis & Treatment Strategies
In today's podcast episode, we are going to look at a condition called gluteal tendinopathy, which is a common cause of lateral hip pain due to an irritation of two of the gluteal tendons (gluteus medius & gluteus minimus). Previously, this type of pain was thought to be caused by trochanteric bursitis, but more recent research has shown that bursitis only accounts for approximately 20% of these cases (see references below). The majority of lateral hip pain cases are now thought to be due to gluteal tendinopathy or irritation of the gluteal tendons where they attach on the side of the hip (greater trochanter). Risk factors for developing gluteal tendinopathy include: female gender (4:1 female to male ratio), increased body mass index (BMI), excessive hip adduction during walking/running, prolonged hip flexion (sitting) and weak hip abductors muscles (especially gluteus medius and minimus). Treatment of this disorder is similar to other tendinopathies in that the focus is on gradually loading and strengthening the gluteal tendons via resistance training exercises that target the hip abductor muscles. These types of exercises not only improve the working capacity of the muscles and their tendons, but also help reduce tendon pain. My YouTube video below includes a a few exercises that typically help people suffering from gluteal tendinopathy. YouTube Link Here are a couple of articles that you can read to learn more about this disorder. 1. Long SS, Surrey DE, Nazarian LN. Sonography of greater trochanteric pain syndrome and the rarity of primary bursitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201(5):1083-1086. 2. Pianka MA, Serino J, DeFroda SF, Bodendorfer BM. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: Evaluation and management of a wide spectrum of pathology. SAGE Open Med. 2021. 3. Ladurner A, Fitzpatrick J, O'Donnell JM. Treatment of Gluteal Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review and Stage-Adjusted Treatment Recommendation. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(7):23259671211016850. I hope the information in this episode was helpful and you feel better equipped to treat gluteal tendinopathy related pain. Besides the YouTube video I linked, my book contains comprehensive programs for the 50 most common orthopedic conditions, including one for gluteal tendinopathy. The programs are broken into three phases and include exercises that can be used to help prevent injuries as well as help you recover from an injury. If you want to learn more about my book, visit my website or click HERE to view the book on Amazon. Thanks for reading and I hope you have a great day! Dr. Tom
S1 · E31
Oct 30, 2024 · 12 min
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Versus Calf Strain (Case Study)
Today's episode covers a case I saw in the clinic in which a patient presented with symptoms consistent with a calf muscle strain, but ended up having a blood clot or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Deep Vein Thrombosis or DVT describes a situation in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one of our deep veins. In many instances, this occurs in the calf region and happens after a person has undergone a surgical procedure. Typical symptoms include pain, swelling and warmth in the region. Besides surgery, blood clots can occur when we have been sedentary for extended periods (plane flight, bed rest after an injury, etc). DVTs can become a life-threatening if they break loose and move through the blood stream to the lungs. This situation is referred to as a pulmonary embolism (PE) and blocks blood flow to a portion of the lungs. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider following my podcast on Apple Podcasts or Spotify by clicking the 'follow' button. Also, if you would consider leaving a 5-star review for the podcast, it would mean a lot to me. Thank you!
Oct 22, 2024 · 1 hr 20 min
Become a Successful Online Practitioner with Dr. Caleb Burgess
In today's episode, I speak with orthopedic physical therapist, content creator and entrepreneur, Dr. Caleb Burgess. Caleb is a licensed Doctor of Physical Therapy, a certified specialist in Orthopedic Physical Therapy through the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties, and a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist through the National Strength and Conditioning Association. In 2014, Caleb received his Doctorate in Physical Therapy (DPT) from Azusa Pacific University. The next two years he completed a Residency in Orthopedic Physical Therapy and then a Fellowship in Sports and Orthopedic Physical Therapy through Kaiser Permanente Southern California. This advanced training allowed him to become an expert in musculoskeletal conditions both related to the general and athletic populations. Furthermore, as a strength and conditioning specialist, Caleb is qualified to help people develop and achieve higher level performance based goals that extend beyond traditional rehabilitation. To learn more about Caleb's work, visit his instagram account (@dr.caleb.burgess) or his website.

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