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Hormone Insight

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Discuss Diabetes and Endocrinology studies in a simplified manner. Expand your knowledge in Diabetes and Endocrinology.

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August 22 · 8 min
SOUL: Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes
SOUL is a large randomized trial of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular or kidney disease. In this Hormone Insight clinical evidence discussion, we cover the five-part PICO, the primary MACE result, absolute event rates, the non-significant kidney secondary outcome, patient selection, and limits of generalization. Fahad narration, clean voice-only production, no music. Primary source: PMID 40162642. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2501006. For healthcare professionals. This episode is an evidence discussion, not a substitute for the original paper, product information, local guidance, or individualized clinical judgment.
June 28 · 1 min
STEP 1 Trial Explained: Semaglutide 2.4 mg for Obesity in 2 Minutes
Can once-weekly semaglutide produce meaningful weight loss in adults with obesity? In this 2-minute evidence brief, we break down the STEP 1 trial, a randomized double-blind clinical trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2021. The study tested semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly versus placebo, both with lifestyle intervention, in adults with overweight or obesity but without diabetes. Covered in this video: Why the STEP 1 trial was done How the trial was conducted Main weight loss results Safety and gastrointestinal side effects Key clinical takeaway Main result: average body weight decreased by 14.9% with semaglutide versus 2.4% with placebo over 68 weeks. Citation: Wilding JPH et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021. PMID: 33567185 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183 This video is for medical education only and does not replace clinical judgment or individual medical advice. #Semaglutide #STEP1Trial #ObesityMedicine #GLP1 #MedicalEducation semaglutide, STEP 1 trial, semaglutide obesity, semaglutide weight loss, Wegovy, GLP-1 receptor agonist, obesity treatment, obesity medicine, clinical trial explained, randomized controlled trial, RCT, NEJM, weight loss medication, semaglutide 2.4 mg, evidence based medicine, medical education, endocrinology, hormone insight, GLP-1 weight loss, obesity pharmacotherapy
June 27 · 11 min
Jun 27, 2026: This Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology -- The triple agonist arrives, and the bar moves
This week on Hormone Insight: the fallout from the ADA 2026 Scientific Sessions, where retatrutide — a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist — delivered nearly 2 points of A1C and about 15% weight loss in type 2 diabetes (TRANSCEND-T2D-1). Plus CagriSema vs semaglutide head-to-head, finerenone in chronic kidney disease without diabetes, the new ADA/EASD type 1 diabetes consensus, and a Hormone Classic revisit of SUSTAIN-6 — the outcome bar every new drug still has to clear. Segments: • Trial of the Week — Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes (TRANSCEND-T2D-1, The Lancet) • Quick Hit 1 — CagriSema vs semaglutide (REIMAGINE 2, Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology) • Quick Hit 2 — Finerenone in CKD without diabetes (FIND-CKD, NEJM) • Guideline & FDA Watch — ADA/EASD type 1 diabetes in adults: 2026 consensus update • Hormone Classic — SUSTAIN-6 (semaglutide cardiovascular outcomes, 2016) ⏱ Chapters 00:00 Cold open 00:38 Welcome & disclaimer 01:02 This week 01:47 Trial of the Week — Retatrutide (TRANSCEND-T2D-1) 03:51 The Appraisal 04:59 Bottom line — retatrutide 05:29 Quick Hit 1 — CagriSema vs semaglutide 06:54 Quick Hit 2 — Finerenone in CKD without diabetes 08:04 Guideline & FDA Watch — ADA/EASD type 1 diabetes 09:20 Hormone Classic — SUSTAIN-6 10:40 The Bottom Line 11:23 Sign-off References & written summary: hormoneinsight.com/twide-2026-06-27 For healthcare professionals. Educational, not individual medical advice. Subscribe for a new episode every Saturday. #diabetes #endocrinology #GLP1
June 20 · 9 min
An Oral GLP-1 That Works: ATTAIN-2 and the 2026 ADA Standards | This Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology
This week on This Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology, from Hormone Insight: the first large phase 3 trial of an oral GLP-1, orforglipron, in adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity (ATTAIN-2, Lancet). The headline is not the size of the weight loss. It is the word oral. Also this week: - A 112,000-patient ACP network meta-analysis that keeps semaglutide and tirzepatide on top for both weight loss and cardiovascular outcomes - A provocative real-world comparison of bariatric surgery versus semaglutide in fatty liver disease - The 2026 ADA Standards of Care, which make cardiovascular and kidney protection a co-primary goal alongside A1C - A Hormone Classic revisit of UKPDS that explains why that shift had to happen One question runs through all of it: does this change Monday clinic? Chapters 00:00 Cold open 00:42 This week 01:13 Trial of the Week: orforglipron (ATTAIN-2) 04:29 Quick Hit: ACP weight-loss drug meta-analysis 05:21 Quick Hit: surgery vs semaglutide (MASLD) 06:21 Guideline & FDA Watch: 2026 ADA Standards 07:27 Hormone Classics: UKPDS 08:26 The Bottom Line 08:57 Sign-off References and written summary: hormoneinsight.com/[slug] For healthcare professionals. Educational, not individual medical advice. Subscribe for a new episode every Saturday. #diabetes #endocrinology #GLP1 #obesity #ADA2026
May 12 · 5 min
The Week in Endocrinology Oral Ozempic & Emerging Therapies
Oral Ozempic Launch, Semaglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder (Lancet RCT), and Canada’s First Generic Semaglutide | Week Ending May 8, 2026 This short Week in Diabetes and Endocrinology update covers three key developments for the week ending May 8, 2026: the nationwide U.S. launch of Oral Ozempic (rebranded/reformulated oral semaglutide tablets in 1.5, 4, and 9 mg with smaller pill size, same efficacy/safety, and cardiovascular risk-reduction labeling for adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, plus pricing details and ongoing fasting administration requirements); a Lancet 26-week randomized trial in 108 adults with obesity and moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder showing once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg added to CBT reduced heavy drinking days and total alcohol consumption with substantial weight loss, while noting it is not approved for AUD and was studied only in obese participants; and Health Canada’s approval of Apotex’s Apo-Semaglutide injection as the first Canadian-made generic Ozempic equivalent, signaling shifting global GLP-1 pricing and access. 00:00 Weekly Headlines 00:24 Oral Ozempic Launch 00:59 Dosing Labeling Pricing 01:45 Lancet AUD Trial 02:29 What It Means Clinically 03:02 Limits Next Trials 03:33 Canada Generic Semaglutide 04:08 Global Access Shift 04:34 Wrap Up And Sign Off
May 5 · 15 min
Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology (May 4, 2026): AID in Pregnancy, Tirzepatide ICERs, AACE Signals, Dapagliflozin & Anemia, Hypoglycemia Models, Oat Diet Trial
This episode reviews key diabetes/endocrinology updates for the week ending May 1, 2026: FDA clearance of Tandem Control-IQ Plus automated insulin delivery for pregnancy in type 1 diabetes supported by the CIRCUIT trial showing improved pregnancy-specific time-in-range; a US cost-effectiveness analysis in type 2 diabetes finding tirzepatide 10 mg and 15 mg cost-effective vs semaglutide 2 mg (ICERs ≈$70,147 and ≈$54,699 per QALY); late-breaking AACE meeting signals across obesity (combination therapies), thyroid ultrasound findings, and access disparities; a meta-analysis showing dapagliflozin increases hemoglobin in CKD; why most hypoglycemia risk prediction models in type 2 diabetes aren’t clinic-ready; and a trial where a short calorie-restricted high-dose oat diet lowered zonulin and increased butyric acid in metabolic syndrome. 00:00 Weekly Overview 01:07 FDA AID Pregnancy 04:14 Tirzepatide Value Math 06:39 AACE Meeting Signals 08:48 SGLT2 Anemia Boost 11:23 Hypoglycemia Prediction Reality 13:16 Oats Gut Barrier Pearl 15:29 Wrap Up and Notes
April 24 · 13 min
HORMONE INSIGHT -- THE WEEK IN DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY -- Episode 004 | April 24, 2026
The Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology — Episode 004 | April 24, 2026 From Hormone Insight (hormoneinsight.com) Six stories this week that endocrinologists, diabetologists, and internists need to know. TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 — Introduction & This Week's Stories 1:15 — Tzield (Teplizumab) FDA Expanded to Age 1+ for Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes 5:30 — AACE 2026 Annual Meeting in Las Vegas: What's Worth Watching 8:30 — Orforglipron ATTAIN-1 Subgroup: Consistent Weight Loss Across Every BMI 12:00 — First Generic Dapagliflozin Arrives: Cost and Access Implications 15:00 — GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Erectile Dysfunction: Signal or Noise? 18:00 — AACE Thyroid Ultrasound Finding: A New Clue for Indeterminate Nodules 20:00 — Closing Thoughts REFERENCES & SHOW NOTES: ▸ Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv) sBLA FDA approval: https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2026/2026-04-22-05-05-00-3278650 ▸ AACE 2026 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas (April 22–24): https://pro.aace.com ▸ Orforglipron ATTAIN-1 BMI subgroup (AACE 2026): https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/reports/orforglipron-weight-loss-bmi-categories/ ▸ First generic dapagliflozin FDA approval: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-alerts-and-statements/fda-approves-first-generic-dapagliflozin-tablets ▸ GLP-1 RA and erectile dysfunction target-trial emulation (eClinicalMedicine): https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(26)00104-5/fulltext ▸ AACE thyroid ultrasound presentation (post-microcystic reflection in indeterminate nodules) ABOUT THIS PODCAST: A weekly evidence-based review of the top stories in diabetes, obesity, thyroid, and endocrinology — modeled on Medscape's "This Week in Cardiology." New episodes every Thursday. For healthcare professionals. ▸ Website: https://hormoneinsight.com ▸ Full show notes: https://hormoneinsight.com/podcast DOWNLOAD THE APP: ▸ iOS: https://apps.apple.com/dz/app/hormone-insight/id6749515856 ▸ Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fahadwali78.hormoneinsightmobile&hl ️ This content is intended for healthcare professionals. It does not constitute medical advice for patients. #Endocrinology #DiabetesResearch #Tzield #Teplizumab #Type1Diabetes #AACE2026 #Orforglipron #GLP1 #Dapagliflozin #Farxiga #SGLT2 #ErectileDysfunction #ThyroidNodule #Endocrinology #ObesityMedicine #MedicalPodcast #HormoneInsight #CME #MedTwitter #DoctorsOfYouTube #EvidenceBasedMedicine #Tirzepatide #Semaglutide
April 22 · 17 min
The Week in Diabetes and Endocrinology April 17, 2026
The Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology — Episode 003 | April 17, 2026 From Hormone Insight (hormoneinsight.com) Six stories this week that endocrinologists, diabetologists, and internists need to know. TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 — Introduction & This Week's Stories 1:15 — Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 2 Diabetes: A Landmark Trial Worth Unpacking 5:30 — Enlicitide: The First Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor (CORALreef Lipids) 9:30 — SCORED and Sotagliflozin: What the Trial Actually Tells Us 12:30 — Semaglutide in Type 1 Diabetes + Obesity (NEJM Evidence) 15:00 — Boehringer Ingelheim's Strategic Bet on Obesity + Liver Health 16:30 — Chronotype-Aligned Exercise: Timing May Matter as Much as Training 18:00 — Closing Thoughts REFERENCES & SHOW NOTES: ▸ AID in T2D (NEJM, 2IQP trial): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2415948 ▸ Enlicitide CORALreef Lipids (Med): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2026.101097 ▸ CORALreef Lipids primary (NEJM): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2511774 ▸ Semaglutide in T1D + obesity (NEJM Evidence): https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2500173 ▸ Chronotype-aligned exercise RCT (Open Heart): https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2025-003573 ABOUT THIS PODCAST: A weekly evidence-based review of the top stories in diabetes, obesity, thyroid, and endocrinology — modeled on Medscape's "This Week in Cardiology." New episodes every Thursday. For healthcare professionals. ▸ Website: https://hormoneinsight.com ▸ Full show notes: https://hormoneinsight.com/podcast DOWNLOAD THE APP: ▸ iOS: https://apps.apple.com/dz/app/hormone-insight/id6749515856 ▸ Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fahadwali78.hormoneinsightmobile&hl ️ This content is intended for healthcare professionals. It does not constitute medical advice for patients. #Endocrinology #DiabetesResearch #AutomatedInsulinDelivery #PCSK9 #Enlicitide #Sotagliflozin #SCORED #Semaglutide #Type1Diabetes #Survodutide #Obesity #MASH #Chronotype #Exercise #MedicalPodcast #HormoneInsight #CME #MedTwitter #DoctorsOfYouTube #EvidenceBasedMedicine #Tirzepatide
April 9 · 16 min
Episode 002: LDL Under 55 Wins Big, Medicare Covers GLP-1, and Second Weekly Insulin Emerges -- The Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology (April 10, 2026)
The Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology — Episode 002 | April 10, 2026 From Hormone Insight (hormoneinsight.com) Six stories this week that endocrinologists, diabetologists, and internists need to know. TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 — Introduction & This Week's Stories 1:30 — EZ-PAVE: LDL Under 55 Beats Under 70 in ASCVD (NEJM) 7:00 — CMS BALANCE Model: Medicare Covers GLP-1 for Obesity 11:00 — GZR4: Second Once-Weekly Insulin Beats Glargine AND Degludec 14:00 — CagriSema NMA at ACC 2026: Best Efficacy AND Tolerability 16:30 — BP Variability Predicts Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes (ADVANCE) 19:00 — Blood-Flow Restriction Training Boosts Mitochondria in T2D 21:00 — Closing Thoughts REFERENCES & SHOW NOTES: ▸ EZ-PAVE (NEJM): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2600283 ▸ CMS BALANCE Model: https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innovation/innovation-models/balance ▸ GZR4 SUPER trials: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gan--lee-pharmaceuticals-once-weekly-basal-insulin-gzr4-injection-meets-primary-endpoints-in-two-pivotal-phase-3-clinical-trials-super-1-and-super-2-302730104.html ▸ CagriSema NMA (DOM): https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70667 ▸ ADVANCE BP variability (JAHA): https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.125.044061 ▸ BFRT in T2D (Cell Metab): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016 ABOUT THIS PODCAST: A weekly evidence-based review of the top stories in diabetes, obesity, thyroid, and endocrinology — modeled on Medscape's "This Week in Cardiology." New episodes every Thursday. For healthcare professionals. ▸ Website: https://hormoneinsight.com ▸ Full show notes: https://hormoneinsight.com/podcast DOWNLOAD THE APP: ▸ iOS: https://apps.apple.com/dz/app/hormone-insight/id6749515856 ▸ Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fahadwali78.hormoneinsightmobile&hl ️ This content is intended for healthcare professionals. It does not constitute medical advice for patients. #Endocrinology #DiabetesResearch #LDLcholesterol #EZPAVE #GLP1 #Medicare #CagriSema #WeeklyInsulin #GZR4 #BloodPressure #Dementia #BFRT #ObesityMedicine #MedicalPodcast #HormoneInsight #CME #MedTwitter #DoctorsOfYouTube #EvidenceBasedMedicine #Tirzepatide #Semaglutide
April 5 · 23 min
The Week in Diabetes and Endocrinology -- April 3, 2026
The Week in Diabetes & Endocrinology — Episode 001 | April 3, 2026 From Hormone Insight (hormoneinsight.com) Six stories this week that endocrinologists, diabetologists, and internists need to know. TIMESTAMPS: 0:00 — Introduction & This Week's Stories 1:30 — Orforglipron (Foundayo) FDA Approval: The Oral GLP-1 Pill — Access-Changer, Not Game-Changer 7:00 — Semaglutide 7.2 mg (Wegovy HD): 21% Weight Loss, But Watch the Dysesthesia Signal 11:30 — Insulin Icodec (Awiqli): Once-Weekly Insulin — Sounds Great Until You Think About Sick Days 16:00 — SURPASS-CVOT Post-Hoc in JAMA Cardiology: Tirzepatide's Cardiorenal NNT of 27 19:30 — AACE 2026 Type 2 Diabetes Algorithm Update 21:30 — GLP-1 RAs in Parkinson's Disease: 5 RCTs, 708 Patients, No Signal 24:00 — Closing Thoughts REFERENCES & SHOW NOTES: ▸ Orforglipron FDA approval: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/novel-drug-approvals-fda/novel-drug-approvals-2026 ▸ Wegovy HD FDA approval: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-fourth-product-under-national-priority-voucher-program-higher-dose-semaglutide ▸ Awiqli FDA approval: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fda-approves-novo-nordisks-awiqli-the-first-and-only-once-weekly-basal-insulin-treatment-for-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-302726839.html ▸ Nissen SE et al. JAMA Cardiol 2026 — SURPASS-CVOT cardiorenal post-hoc: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2026.0767 ▸ Nicholls SJ et al. N Engl J Med 2025 — SURPASS-CVOT primary: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2505928 ▸ AACE 2026 T2D Algorithm: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1530891X26000224 ▸ Raza H et al. Brain Behav 2026 — GLP-1 RAs in Parkinson's: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71344 ABOUT THIS PODCAST: A weekly evidence-based review of the top stories in diabetes, obesity, thyroid, and endocrinology — modeled on Medscape's "This Week in Cardiology." New episodes every Thursday. For healthcare professionals. ▸ Website: https://hormoneinsight.com ▸ Full show notes: https://hormoneinsight.com/podcast ️ This content is intended for healthcare professionals. It does not constitute medical advice for patients. #Endocrinology #DiabetesResearch #GLP1 #Orforglipron #Foundayo #WegovyHD #Semaglutide #InsulinIcodec #Awiqli #Tirzepatide #SURPASSCVOT #ObesityMedicine #Type2Diabetes #ClinicalTrials #EvidenceBasedMedicine #MedicalPodcast #HormoneInsight #EndocrinologyPodcast #Diabetology #CME #MedTwitter #DoctorsOfYouTube #InternalMedicine #Cardiology #CardiometabolicHealth #WeeklyInsulin #OralGLP1 #ParkinsonsDisease #AACE #PhysicianEducation
Jun 14, 2025 · 1 min
Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Tirzepatide (SURPASS Post Hoc Analysis)
In this episode of Hormone Insight, we examine a 2024 post hoc analysis published in Diabetes Care.
Jan 4, 2025 · 51 sec
Exploring Semaglutide: Therapy for Obesity and Heart Failure
Exploring Semaglutide: Dual Action Therapy for Obesity and Heart Failure In this episode of Hormone Insights, we delve into a 2024 study from the New England Journal of Medicine that examines the effects of semaglutide in obese patients with heart failure, preserved ejection fraction, and type 2 diabetes. For full paper, click here Visit HormoneInsight
Dec 19, 2024 · 1 min
Semaglutide vs Canagliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes
In this episode of Hormone Insight, we delve into a major study published in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology that compared the effects of semaglutide and canagliflozin as add-ons to metformin in diabetes treatment. For more: Semaglutide vs Canagliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes To read the original paper
Nov 22, 2024 · 3 min
Study Shows Tirzepatide Improves Heart Failure Outcomes and Quality of Life in Obese Patients
In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity, tirzepatide significantly reduced the composite risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure and improved health status compared to placebo, though it was associated with higher gastrointestinal side effects. For summary, click here. Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, et al. (2024). “Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity.” New England Journal of Medicine. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2410027
Nov 18, 2024 · 3 min
Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
In patients with type 2 diabetes, intensive blood-pressure control (targeting systolic BP <120 mm Hg) significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared to standard treatment (systolic BP <140 mm Hg), though it was associated with increased risks of symptomatic hypotension and hyperkalemia. Bi, Y., Li, M., Liu, Y., et al. (2024). “Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.” New England Journal of Medicine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2412006 For summary - click here.
Oct 20, 2024 · 3 min
Phase 2 trial on Semaglutide
This episode explores the potential of semaglutide, a once-weekly GLP-1 analog, in managing type 2 diabetes. We examines a groundbreaking study published in Diabetes Care which found that semaglutide effectively reduces HbA1c levels and promotes weight loss in patients. The episode breaks down the study's findings, highlighting the dose-dependent effects of semaglutide and strategies for managing potential side effects. Tune in for insights into this promising new treatment option. Nauck, M.A., Petrie, J.R., Sesti, G. et al., 2016. A Phase 2, Randomized, Dose-Finding Study of the Novel Once-Weekly Human GLP-1 Analog, Semaglutide, Compared With Placebo and Open-Label Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 39(2), pp.231–241. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-0165

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