Defense in Depth

CISO Series

Defense in Depth, hosted by David Spark, Steve Zalewski, Geoff Belknap, and Edward Contreras, promises clear talk on cybersecurity's most controversial and confusing debates. Once a week we choose one controversial and popular cybersecurity debate and use the InfoSec community's insights to lead our discussion.

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22 episodes
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Avg 32 min
English

Episodes 22

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Thursday · 29 min
Market Confusion Is Responsible for the Biggest Gaps in Cybersecurity
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post from Joe Head of RELEX Solutions for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Edward Contreras, senior evp and CISO, Frost Bank. Joining is Mary Rose Martinez, CISO, and vp of digital technology services, Marathon Petroleum Corporation. In this episode: Left behind A hypothetical sale The philosophy problem Stop shifting the problems A huge thanks to our sponsor, ActiveState ActiveState gives security and engineering teams a single governed source for open source software. With 79 million components built from source, continuously remediated, and delivered directly into the tools teams already use, ActiveState eliminates the CVE backlog and the developer toil that comes with it. Companies see a 60 to 99% reduction in CVEs and reclaim up to 30% of developer time. Learn more at activestate.com.
August 20 · 35 min
Will AI Replace Detection Roles in Cybersecurity?
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post from Caleb Sima of Whiterabbit for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Yaron Levi, CISO, Dolby. Joining is Adrian Ludwig, CSO, Rippling. In this episode: The messy middle The automatable part Where automation stops The influence gap A huge thanks to our sponsor, ThreatLocker ThreatLocker delivers Zero Trust Network Access and Zero Trust Cloud Access that verifies both user and device before granting access to specific applications. No broad access, nothing exposed, and no reliance on credentials alone. It's a smarter way to control access and reduce risk. Learn more at ThreatLocker.com/CISO.
August 13 · 31 min
What Makes a Good AI Security Deployment?
What Makes a Good AI Security Deployment? All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post by Chris Matthews of UpGuard for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Edward Contreras, senior evp and CISO, Frost Bank. Joining us is Peter Liebert, CISO, Salesloft & Clari. In this episode: Non-determinism changes everything The foundation problem Nobody owns the whole problem The authorization gap A huge thanks to our sponsor, CoreView Attackers don't break into Microsoft 365. They log in and reconfigure it. When tenant configurations drift or get tampered with, recovery can take weeks and missed settings can reopen the door. The Cyber Resilience Framework for Microsoft 365 covers the five pillars, harden, govern, detect, respond, recover, and shows exactly where today's tools leave gaps. Download the free practical guide
August 6 · 28 min
The Office Politics of Remediation
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Dan Walsh, CISO, Datavant. Joining is our sponsored guest, Elizabeth Nammour, founder and CEO, Teleskope. In this episode: Data ownership before automation A shared vocabulary for agent risk Maturing from crawl to run Trust earns automation its place A huge thanks to our sponsor, Teleskope Most DSPMs stop at finding the risk. Teleskope fixes this: it automatically finds sensitive data, including IP documents or board decks, and remediates exposure across cloud, SaaS, and AI environments natively, with human-in-the-loop controls, improving your team's efficiency tenfold. Trusted by Ramp, Polymarket, and Chevron Phillips, and more. teleskope.ai
July 30 · 30 min
Why is Preventative Security So Difficult?
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Prevention in cybersecurity is a lot like flossing: everyone knows they should do it, but few do it enough. What's stopping us? Check out this post by Ross Haleliuk of Venture in Security for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Edward Contreras, senior evp and CISO, Frost Bank. Joining us is Deneen DeFiore, vice president & chief information security officer, United Airlines. In this episode: The sponsorship gap One strike and you're out Policy without position Prevention isn't static A huge thanks to our sponsor, CoreView Attackers don't break into Microsoft 365. They log in and reconfigure it. When tenant configurations drift or get tampered with, recovery can take weeks and missed settings can reopen the door. The Cyber Resilience Framework for Microsoft 365 covers the five pillars, harden, govern, detect, respond, recover, and shows exactly where today's tools leave gaps. Download the free practical guide
July 23 · 30 min
Identity and Access Management (IAM) in an Agentic AI World
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post by Tomás Maldonado, CISO, NFL, for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Yaron Levi, CISO, Dolby. Joining is Will Gregorian, vp of information technology & security, Galileo Medical. In this episode: From who to what The manipulation problem Cryptographic accountability The audit gap A huge thanks to our sponsor, ActiveState ActiveState gives security and engineering teams a single governed source for open source software. With 79 million components built from source, continuously remediated, and delivered directly into the tools teams already use, ActiveState eliminates the CVE backlog and the developer toil that comes with it. Companies see a 60 to 99% reduction in CVEs and reclaim up to 30% of developer time. Learn more at ActiveState.com.
July 16 · 33 min
Protecting AI Agents in O365 and Google Workspace
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Steve Zalewski. Joining is their sponsored guest, Rajan Kapoor, vp, security, Material Security. In this episode: Pre-existing conditions Architecture over rollout Access isn't legitimacy Data has a half-life A huge thanks to our sponsor, Material Security Legacy email security only watches the door. Material protects your entire cloud workspace—email, files, and accounts—as one ecosystem. It's more coverage for less than the cost of a legacy SEG. One price, no surprises: just security that covers the whole surface area. Learn more at material.security.
July 9 · 35 min
Humans Are Bottleneck in a Machine-Speed World
All links and images can be found on CISO Series We're evolving fast to secure AI. But are we evolving fast enough to secure WITH AI? Check out this post by Rinki Sethi, CSO, Upwind Security, for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Howard Holton, former CEO, GigaOm. Joining is Adam Glick, CSO, PSG Equity. In this episode: Human-in-the-loop math Should machines decide at all From assistant to autonomous Redefining the security role A huge thanks to our sponsor, Palo Alto Networks Cortex Cloud unifies code, cloud, and SOC on a single data, risk, and control plane — giving teams the context, workflows, and agentic intelligence to turn risk into resolution. Native AI agents investigate and act within enterprise guardrails, delivering real-time protection from workload to network edge. Cloud security that outpaces machine-speed threats. Visit paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud.
July 2 · 33 min
Even With All These Security Vendors We Still Have Glaring Gaps
All links and images can be found on CISO Series There are thousands of cybersecurity vendors across categories. If there's a gap in the market, it's likely not for technical reasons. So, how do you actually find vendors that are a good fit rather than one that just meets technical requirements? Check out this post by Joe Head of REFLEX Solutions for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode, co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Edward Contreras, senior evp and CISO, Frost Bank. Joining us is Ajit Girn, CIO, Employment Development Department (EDD). In this episode: Built for vendors, not users Signal versus noise Priced out The elegance gap A huge thanks to our sponsor, ThreatLocker ThreatLocker takes a deny-by-default approach to endpoint security — controlling what applications can run, what can access data, and what can elevate privileges. Used by organizations that want to reduce attack surface without relying on detection alone. Learn more at threatlocker.com/ciso.
June 25 · 27 min
Is the "Attackers Only Need to Be Right Once" a Misnomer?
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and George Finney, CISO, University of Texas System. Joining is Sean Walls, CISO, Bob's Discount Furniture. In this episode: Asymmetric accounting Sometimes it really is that easy The spirit of the saying The cheapest way in A huge thanks to our sponsor, Native Security Native is the Cloud Security Control Plane. It helps enterprises enforce secure-by-design architecture across multi-cloud environments by translating security intent into the cloud provider's built-in controls, previewing impact before rollout, and keeping enforcement aligned as the environment changes.
June 18 · 55 min
What It Takes To Be Successful in Cyber Media
What It Takes To Be Successful in Cyber Media All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Dave Bittner, producer and host, The CyberWire. Joining is Graham Cluley, host of Smashing Security podcast and Leo Laporte, founder of TWiT (This Week in Tech) and host of Security Now podcast. In this episode: Format follows function The decision gap Practitioner fingerprints Beyond the news cycle A huge thanks to our sponsor, Palo Alto Networks Cortex Cloud unifies code, cloud, and SOC on a single data, risk, and control plane — giving teams the context, workflows, and agentic intelligence to turn risk into resolution. Native AI agents investigate and act within enterprise guardrails, delivering real-time protection from workload to network edge. Cloud security that outpaces machine-speed threats. Learn more at paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/demo.
June 11 · 31 min
CISOs Buy For Selfish and Politically Risk-Averse Reasons (Not Because Your Product is the Best)
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Howard Holton, CEO, GigaOm. Joining is Tyler King, senior director - threat operations and response, Sinclair. In this episode: Career insurance In the trenches together Who are you actually selling to? Common sense, uncommon in sales A huge thanks to our sponsor, Material Security Legacy email security only watches the door. Material protects your entire cloud workspace—email, files, and accounts—as one ecosystem. It's more coverage for less than the cost of a legacy SEG. One price, no surprises: just security that covers the whole surface area. Learn more at material.security.
June 4 · 33 min
Has Cybersecurity Become a Cult?
All links and images can be found on CISO Series We think of cybersecurity as a discipline. But when do ideas like best practices and NIST frameworks change into a system of belief? Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Davi Ottenheimer, principal, Flying Penguin. Joining is Joshua Copeland, director of security, Crescendo. In this episode: Tools, not religion The case for structured discipline The management problem underneath Fix the damn holes A huge thanks to our sponsor, ThreatLocker ThreatLocker delivers Zero Trust Network Access and Zero Trust Cloud Access that verifies both user and device before granting access to specific applications. No broad access, nothing exposed, and no reliance on credentials alone. It's a smarter way to control access and reduce risk. Learn more at ThreatLocker.com/CISO.
May 28 · 33 min
What Does the Next Generation of Cloud Security Look Like?
All links and images can be found on CISO Series We know human-paced security controls can't be applied to autonomous AI agents. So what needs to change with CNAPP and cloud security? Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Steve Zalewski. Joining us is our sponsored guest, Dan Benjamin, vp product - data, identity, and AI security, Palo Alto Networks. In this episode: The detection ceiling A category gap, not a feature gap Resilience by design An insider threat with no face A huge thanks to our sponsor, Palo Alto Networks Cortex Cloud unifies code, cloud, and SOC on a single data, risk, and control plane — giving teams the context, workflows, and agentic intelligence to turn risk into resolution. Native AI agents investigate and act within enterprise guardrails, delivering real-time protection from workload to network edge. Cloud security that outpaces machine-speed threats. Visit Palo Alto Networks and search cortex cloud.
May 21 · 26 min
The Dangers of Picking the Wrong Vendor
All links and images can be found on CISO Series. Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Steve Zalewski. Joining us is our guest, Paul Guerra. In this episode: Read the contract How vendors win before the evaluation ends The fallout The real cost A huge thanks to our sponsor, Native Security Native makes secure-by-design inherent to how the cloud operates. It's the control plane for built-in cloud security, unifying and governing native controls, so security intent is defined once and applied consistently across providers. Learn more at native.security.
May 14 · 26 min
Why Cyber Startups Need CISO Advisors
All links and images can be found on CISO Series All security startups will tell you they talk to potential customers. The problem is that you limit your development when you only talk to CISOs who might buy. It's not the same guidance you'll get from a CISO who advises. Check out this post by Val Tsanev of the Cyber Risk Alliance for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation. This week's episode is co-hosted by me, David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Edward Contreras, senior evp and CISO, Frost Bank. Joining us is Steve Jensen, CISO, University of Maine System. In this episode: Building for whom? The only feedback loop that matters Valid, but for whom? Rethink the advisor roster A huge thanks to our sponsor, Material Security Legacy email security only watches the door. Material protects your entire cloud workspace—email, files, and accounts—as one ecosystem. It's more coverage for less than the cost of a legacy SEG. One price, no surprises: just security that covers the whole surface area. Learn more at material.security.
May 7 · 31 min
Breaking the Reactive Cycle of Cybersecurity
All links and images can be found on CISO Series. Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Steve Zalewski. Joining us is our sponsored guest, Rob Allen. In this episode: The vulnerable stack Changing the structural economics Change the terrain The cost-benefit equation A huge thanks to our sponsor, ThreatLocker ThreatLocker makes Zero Trust practical. With Default Deny, Ringfencing, and Elevation Control, CISOs get real control that's easy to manage and built to scale. Stop threats before they execute and reduce operational noise without adding complexity. See how simple prevention can be at ThreatLocker.com/CISO.
April 30 · 38 min
How Do You Know If Your Backups Will Survive a Ransomware Attack?
All links and images can be found on CISO Series Check out this post for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Steve Zalewski. Joining us is our sponsored guest, Heath Renfrow, co-founder, Fenix24. In this episode: Knowing which systems to save first Recovery is a business conversation, not an IT ticket Not all systems are created equal Recovery knowledge as a governed asset A huge thanks to our sponsor, Fenix24 Fenix24 is the world's leading breach recovery firm, providing rapid ransomware restoration, full asset visibility, and threat informed hardening. Alongside expert recovery services, Fenix24 delivers ongoing managed protection that secures backups, infrastructure, and critical controls, helping organizations stay resilient, recoverable, and prepared for modern cyber threats. Learn more at fenix24.com.
April 23 · 26 min
What Makes a Successful Security Vendor Demo?
What Makes a Successful Security Vendor Demo? All links and images can be found on CISO Series. Check out this post from Adam Palmer for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Geoff Belknap. Joining is Ken Beasley, BISO, Kaiser Permanente. In this episode: Show me the problem, not the product Walking in blind Discovery is the demo Define the use case, set the clock A huge thanks to our sponsor, Fenix24 Fenix24 is the world's leading breach recovery firm, providing rapid ransomware restoration, full asset visibility, and threat informed hardening. Alongside expert recovery services, Fenix24 delivers ongoing managed protection that secures backups, infrastructure, and critical controls, helping organizations stay resilient, recoverable, and prepared for modern cyber threats. Learn more at fenix24.com.
April 16 · 28 min
Should You Use Native or 3rd Party Cloud Management Tools?
Should You Use Native or 3rd Party Cloud Management Tools? All links and images can be found on CISO Series. Check out this post from Steve Zalewski for the discussion that is the basis of our conversation on this week's episode co-hosted by David Spark, the producer of CISO Series, and Edward Contreras, senior evp and CISO, Frost Bank. Joining us is their sponsored guest, Gal Ordo, co-founder and CPO, Native. In this episode: More tools, more problems A gap in design Catching what slips through Competence over complexity A huge thanks to our sponsor, Native Security Native makes secure-by-design inherent to how the cloud operates. It's the control plane for built-in cloud security, unifying and governing native controls, so security intent is defined once and applied consistently across providers. Learn more at native.security.

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