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CrashCourse

At Crash Course, we believe that high-quality educational videos should be available to everyone for free! Subscribe for weekly videos from our current courses! The Crash Course team has produced more than 60 courses on a wide variety of subjects, ranging from the humanities to sciences and so much more! We also recently teamed up with Arizona State University to bring you more courses on the Study Hall channel.

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Today · 14 min
Why Land Matters to Native Americans: Ep 5 of Crash Course Native American History
What do we mean when we say that Native Americans have a strong connection to the land? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore how Native peoples’ long, deep history on their homelands informs their culture, languages, and identity to this day. Introduction: Deep Connections 00:00 Native Views of Land 0:39 Land-based Traditions 2:15 Land & Language 3:10 The Native-Land Relationship 4:53 Settler Colonialism 7:09 Land Reclamation 8:14 Review & Credits 9:32 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 6 min
World History Outtakes!
John Green makes it rain, and hijinks ensue on the Crash Course World History set. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 18 min
Capitalism and Socialism: Crash Course World History #33
In which John Green teaches you about capitalism and socialism in a way that is sure to please commenters from both sides of the debate. Learn how capitalism arose from the industrial revolution, and then gave rise to socialism. Learn about how we got from the British East India Company to iPhones and consumer culture in just a couple of hundred years. Stops along the way include the rise of industrial capitalism, mass production, disgruntled workers, Karl Marx, and the Socialist Beard. The socialist reactions to the ills of capitalism are covered as well, and John discusses some of the ideas of Karl Marx, and how they've been implemented or ignored in various socialist states. Plus, there are robots! Chapters: Introduction: Capitalism 00:00 What is Industrial Capitalism? 0:59 How did Industrial Capitalism begin? 3:04 Capitalism Increased Productivity 4:51 Capitalism as a Cultural System 5:41 Criticisms of Capitalism 7:12 Socialism 7:59 An Open Letter to Karl Marx's Beard 9:12 Karl Marx's Ideology 10:23 Socialism vs. Industrial Capitalism Today 12:14 Credits 13:14 Resources: The Relentless Revolution by Joyce Appelby: https://bit.ly/3OlIBPV The Marx-Engels Reader: https://bit.ly/3M8o4fL Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 12 min
What to know about orgasms: Sex Ed #13
Why and how do we orgasm? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll break down “the Big O”—its physical aspects, gendered expectations, and misconceptions. Plus, a fun cameo from a penis-camera. Introduction: The Big O 00:00 Orgasms & Erogenous Zones 0:46 Masters & Johnson 2:55 The Dual Control Model 4:20 The Orgasm Gap 5:46 Review & Credits 8:05 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk Read more about these topics here: Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sex-pleasure-and-sexual-dysfunction/sex-and-pleasure Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9119-sexual-response-cycle *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 18 min
Reconstruction: Crash Course Black American History #19
At the end of the Civil War, the United States was still a very divided place. 700,000 people had died in a bitter fight over slavery. Reconstruction was the political process meant to bring the country back together. It was also the mechanism by which the country would extend the rights of citizenship to Black Americans, particularly those who had been recently emancipated. Today we'll learn about the Reconstruction amendments, the Freedman's Bureau, and the election of 1876, among other things. Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935 Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ Sources W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 , 3rd. ed.. New York: The Free Press, 1992. Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863- 1877. New York: HarperCollins, 2002. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow . New York: Penguin Books, 2019. Hilary Green, Educational Reconstruction: African American Schools in the Urban South, 1865-1890. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016. Martha S. Jones, All Bound Up Together: The Woman Question in African American Public Culture, 1830-1900 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids #crashcourse #blackhistory #civilwar Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 20 min
Your Immune System: Natural Born Killer - Crash Course Biology #32
Hank tells us about the team of deadly ninja assassins that is tasked with protecting our bodies from all the bad guys that want to kill us - also known as our immune system. Table of Contents 1) Innate Immune System 1:45 a) Mucous Membranes 2:54 b) Inflammatory Response 3:44 c) Leukocytes 4:45 2) Open Letter 6:33 a) Natural Killer Cells 6:56 b) Dendritic Cells 7:57 3) Acquired Immune System 8:36 a) Antibodies 9:08 b) Lymphocytes 9:48 c) Cell-Mediated Response 10:17 d) Humoral Response 13:00 References Campbell Biology, 9th ed. http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units18to20/blood/white.htm http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter24/animation__the_immune_response.html This video uses the following sounds from Freesound.org: "Pigs-01.flac" by Erdie "straw slurp.wav" by dparke4 "Disgusting Slop.wav" by Ighuaran "Sonar Ping.wav" by digifishmusic "Swishes.wav" by Pogotron "swing.mp3" by morgantj Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 15 min
What Do Native Cultures Have in Common?: Ep 6 of Crash Course Native American History
Just like everyone, all Native Americans are unique. But what do they have in common? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore similarities in Native worldviews, from harvest traditions to humor. Introduction: Native Toys 00:00 Native Humor 1:05 Representing Native Humor 3:52 Reciprocity 5:37 Generosity 8:49 Review & Credits 10:06 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 15 min
Coal, Steam, and The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course World History #32
In which John Green wraps up revolutions month with what is arguably the most revolutionary of modern revolutions, the Industrial Revolution. While very few leaders were beheaded in the course of this one, it changed the lives of more people more dramatically than any of the political revolutions we've discussed. So, why did the Industrial Revolution happen around 1750 in the United Kingdom? Coal. Easily accessible coal, it turns out. All this, plus you'll finally learn the difference between James Watt and Thomas Newcomen, and will never again be caught telling people that your blender has a 900 Newcomen motor. Chapters: Introduction: The Industrial Revolution 00:00 What Was the Industrial Revolution? 1:48 Innovations in the British Textile Industry 2:38 Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Europe? 4:08 An Open Letter to the Steam Engine 4:57 What was going on in China during the Industrial Revolution? 5:35 European Advantages: High Wages and Low Fuel Costs 7:03 What was going on in India during the Industrial Revolution? 9:28 Credits 10:29 Learn more about the Industrial Revolution in these Crash Course videos: The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course European History #24: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjK7PWmRRyg The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course History of Science #21: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCpqN7GmLYk Check out a free collection of kahoots based on this video here: https://create.kahoot.it/course/c3156863-2667-40bd-b4c7-e508522aa0d4 Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 15 min
Why is There Uneven Access to Food? Crash Course Geography #42
Food insecurity, or the lack of access to enough nutritious food, is a complex problem. In the 21st century, even with all of our advances in technology, access to food is still uneven. Today we're going to look at the diffusion of food across the globe during the Columbian Exchange and examine how changes in food technology from the Agricultural Revolution to the Green Revolution to the Genetic Revolution have played a significant part in food availability across the globe. SOURCES General For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see: https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/ For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see: https://worldgeography.pressbooks.com/front-matter/introduction/ Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition. The Princeton Review. Hobbs, Joseph J. Fundamental of World Regional Geography, 4th ed. Cengage. 2017. Miller and Spoolman. Living in the Environment 19th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. 2017. ISBN: 978-1-337-09415-3 Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. Willey-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3288-6 Chad https://borgenproject.org/10-facts-about-hunger-in-chad/ https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ Wheat https://wheatworld.org/wheat-101/wheat-facts/ https://www.fao.org/3/Y4343E/y4343e02.htm https://muse.jhu.edu/article/488280 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jecs/issue/46756/586181 https://online.ucpress.edu/gastronomica/article-abstract/18/2/33/45845/You-Can-Never- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880908000194 (wheat beat the heat) ttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-95014-6 Overall production https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields https://www.fao.org/3/u8480e/U8480E07.htm#Proportions%20of%20food%20in%20average%20diets https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nunn/files/nunn_qian_jep_2010.pdf https://theconversation.com/ocean-warming-has-fisheries-on-the-move-helping-some-but-hurting-more-116248 https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields https://www.fao.org/3/ac911e/ac911e05.htm https://www.fao.org/3/Y4343E/y4343e02.htm https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/ Cost of Food/ Food Access https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-consumer-expenditure-spent-on-food-vs-gdp-per-capita https://www.fao.org/3/ca9731en/ca9731en.pdf https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ Food Origins https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/06/13/481586649/a-map-of-where-your-food-originated-may-surprise-you https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nunn/files/nunn_qian_jep_2010.pdf Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Jaime Willis, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Today · 11 min
Unpacking masturbation: Sex Ed #14
If almost everybody masturbates, why can’t we talk about it? In this myth-busting episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll uncover the history of how masturbation became taboo, the person who made sex toys better for everyone, and the ways masturbation can actually be good for you. Introduction: Masturbation Is Normal 00:00 Who Masturbates? 0:28 Gosnell Duncan & Sex Toys 1:22 Benefits of Masturbation 2:48 Masturbation Myths 4:37 Review & Credits 7:05 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk Read more about these topics here: Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sex-pleasure-and-sexual-dysfunction/masturbation *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 17 min
Big Guns: The Muscular System - CrashCourse Biology #31
Hank tells us the story of the complicated chemical dance that allows our skeletal muscles to contract and relax. Table of Contents 1) Cardiac, Smooth, & Skeletal Muscles 01:09 2) Muscle Anatomy 02:03 a) Muscle Fibers 03:07 b) Myofibrils 04:15:1 c) Sarcomeres 04:19:1 d) Myofilaments 04:37:2 3) Biolography 05:37:1 4) Sliding Filament Model 07:47 Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 12 min
Autonomic Nervous System: Crash Course Anatomy and Physiology #13
Hank takes you on a tour of your two-part autonomic nervous system. This episode explains how your sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system work together as foils, balancing each other out. Their key anatomical differences - where nerve fibers originate and where their ganglia are located - drive their distinct anatomical functions, making your sympathetic nervous system the "fight or flight" while your parasympathetic nervous system is for "resting and digesting." Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ Chapters: Introduction: Autonomic Nervous System 00:00 Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous Systems 1:35 Origins - Comparing the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous Systems 3:23 Ganglia - Comparing the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous Systems 4:11 Axon Lengths - Comparing the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous Systems 5:30 Review 7:35 Credits 8:28 *** Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark Brouwer, Simun Niclasen, Brad Wardell, Roger C. Rocha, Jan Schmid, Elliot Beter, Nevin Spoljaric, Sandra Aft, SR Foxley, Jessica Simmons, Stefan R. Finnerup, Jason A Saslow, Robert Kunz, Jessica Wode, Mike Drew, Steve Marshall, Anna-Ester Volozh, Christian Ludvigsen, Jeffrey Thompson, James Craver, Caitlin Steinert, BryanGriffith.com, Maia McGuire, That one guy from Midland who teaches science at highschool, Michael Longwell, Justice H, Martha (splicegrrl), Casey Rule, Manuel Kovats, and @simplscientist -- Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 11 min
What is kink?: Sex Ed #15
What does it mean to be kinky? In our final episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll learn that some “unusual” sexual desires are actually pretty common. We’ll talk about the differences between kinks, fetishes, and paraphilias, and the subjective nature of what’s “normal.” Introduction: Is This Normal? 00:00 Kinks 0:40 Why Are People Kinky? 1:59 Fetishes 2:46 BDSM 3:39 Paraphilias 5:23 Review & Credits 6:36 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk Read more about these topics here: Besider - https://www.bedsider.org/features/1437-how-to-respond-when-your-partner-shares-a-kink-with-you *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 17 min
Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31
In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the control of Spain and Portugal. The revolutionary zeal that had recently created the United States and had taken off Louis XVI's head in France arrived in South America, and a racially diverse group of people who felt more South American than European took over. John covers the soft revolution of Brazil, in which Prince Pedro boldly seized power from his father, but promised to give it back if King João ever returned to Brazil. He also covers the decidedly more violent revolutions in Mexico, Venezuela, and Argentina. Watch the video to see Simón Bolívar's dream of a United South America crushed, even as he manages to liberate a bunch of countries and get two currencies and about a thousand schools and parks named after him. Chapters: Introduction: Latin American Revolutions 00:00 Spheres of Influence: Spain, the Catholic Church, and the Patriarchy 0:37 Latin American Culture 2:12 Brazilian Independence 3:29 Mexican Independence 5:31 Venezuelan Independence 7:59 An Open Letter to Simón Bolívar 9:15 The Legacy of the Latin American Revolutions 10:25 Credits 12:49 Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 15 min
The Real Impacts of Archaeology on Native Americans: Ep 7 of Crash Course Native American History
Archaeology and anthropology are amazingly interesting fields, but they also have a legacy of dehumanizing and mistreating Native peoples. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll uncover the dark history of Native grave robbing, explore the ways these fields are righting past wrongs, and discover the story of one Inuk’s journey to honor his late father. Introduction: Minik's Story 00:00 Anthropology & Archaeology 0:45 Native Grave Robbing 1:32 The Death of Qisuk 4:09 Changing Legislation 5:26 Decolonized Archaeology & Anthropology 8:23 Review & Credits 10:21 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shruti S, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Rie Ohta, Reed Spilmann, Elizabeth LaBelle, Jack Hart, Leah H., UwU, Barbara Pettersen, Kevin Knupp, Andrew Woods, David Fanska, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Krystle Young, Alan Bridgeman, Scott Harrison, Perry Joyce, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Duncan W Moore IV, Bernardo Garza, Breanna Bosso, team dorsey, Jennifer Killen, Matt Curls, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, John Lee, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Pietro Gagliardi, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Barrett Nuzum, ClareG, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Triad Terrace, Stephen McCandless, Jason Buster, Thomas Greinert, Emily T, Katie Dean, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 17 min
The Skeletal System: It's ALIVE! - CrashCourse Biology #30
Hank introduces us to the framework of our bodies, our skeleton, which apart from being the support and protection for all our fleshy parts, is involved in many other vital processes that help our bodies to function properly. Table of Contents 1) Endoskeleton 2:03 2) Biolography 3:27 3) New Bone Formation 6:36 4) Bone Structure 8:00 5) Bone Remodeling 9:48 References: Campbell Biology, 9th ed. http://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/animals&plantsbook/animals/07-Arthropods.htm http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/Size.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17308163 http://www.shwachmandiamondamerica.org/blood_and_Marrow.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001285/l http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius http://projectskeletal.tripod.com/Scientists.htm Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 12 min
Introduction to Indigenous Knowledge : Ep 8 of Crash Course Native American History
The scientific method isn’t the only way to gain knowledge—Native people have been learning and innovating in their own ways for millennia. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll discover the ways Western science and Indigenous knowledge can braid together to create a better world. Introduction: Trees Talk 00:00 Ways of Knowing 0:42 Medicine Wheels 2:18 Native Innovations 3:27 Braiding Knowledge 4:49 Native Ecology 6:32 Review & Credits 7:49 Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2 *** Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Quinn Harden, SpaceRangerWes, Roger Harms, David Fanska, EllenBryn, Leah H., Gina Mancuso, Emily Beazley, Brandon Thomas, Johnathan Williams, Michael Maher, Shruti S, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Rie Ohta, Matthew Fredericksen, Jack Hart, oranjeez, Dalton Williams, Allison Wood, Jason Terpstra, Andrew Woods, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Katrix , UwU, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Mitch Gresko, Forrest Langseth, Elizabeth LaBelle, Reed Spilmann, Thomas Sully, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Robby Nevels, Kevin Knupp, Ken Davidian, Kristina D Knight, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Bernardo Garza, Nathan Taylor, Rizwan Kassim, Breanna Bosso, Steve Segreto, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Duncan W Moore IV, Jason Rostoker, Samantha, Siobhán, Krystle Young, Matt Curls, ClareG, Trevin Beattie, Perry Joyce, Tanner Hedrick, Jennifer Killen, Eric Koslow, Alan Bridgeman, Ken Penttinen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Toni Miles, Alex Hackman, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Thomas Greinert, Katie Dean, Laurel Stevens, Triad Terrace, Emily T, Pietro Gagliardi, Constance Urist, Les Aker, Stephen Akuffo, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, team dorsey, Liz Wdow, Wai Jack Sin, Erminio Di Lodovico, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Ian Dundore __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 13 min
What is Human Geography? Crash Course Geography #28
For the next half of this series, we will be discussing Human Geography — so we’ll still be looking at the Earth, but specifically, how human activity affects and is influenced by the Earth. Naturally, we thought the best place to start was to discuss how we name things in the first place! As it turns out, a name carries so much history of a place but also represents the political power and evolving perception of that space. So today, we’re going to tell the story of the highest point in North America - a mountain known by many names including Mount McKinley and Denali. Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZo Download here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJ Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks __ Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids #CrashCourse #Geography #HumanGeography Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 16 min
Haitian Revolutions: Crash Course World History #30
Ideas like liberty, freedom, and self-determination were hot stuff in the late 18th century, as evidenced by our recent revolutionary videos. Although freedom was breaking out all over, many of the societies that were touting these ideas relied on slave labor. Few places in the world relied so heavily on slave labor as Saint-Domingue, France's most profitable colony. Slaves made up nearly 90% of Saint-Domingue's population, and in 1789 they couldn't help but hear about the revolution underway in France. All the talk of liberty, equality, and fraternity sounded pretty good to a person in bondage, and so the slaves rebelled. This led to not one but two revolutions and ended up with France, the rebels, Britain, and Spain all fighting in the territory. Spoiler alert: the slaves won. So how did the slaves of what would become Haiti throw off the yoke of one of the world's great empires? John Green tells how they did it, and what it has meant in Haiti and in the rest of the world. Chapters: Introduction: The Haitian Revolution 00:00 The Saint-Domingue Colony 0:30 Slavery in Haiti 3:08 Radical Petit Blancs 4:24 Toussaint L'ouverture Leads Saint-Domingue to Independence 5:37 Revolution Part 2: France Returns 7:45 An Open Letter to Disease 9:10 Haiti Gains Independence 10:13 Why the Haitian Revolutions Matter 10:58 Credits 11:49 Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Yesterday · 15 min
World War II, A War for Resources: Crash Course World History #220
In which John Green teaches you about World War II, and some of the causes behind the war. In a lot of ways, WWII was about resources, especially food. The expansionist aggression of both Germany and Japan was in a lot of ways about resources. There were other reasons, to be sure, but the idea that the Axis needed more food can't be ignored. Citation 1: Lizzie Collingham. The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food. Penguin. New York. 2011. p 30 Citation 2: Collingham. p 102 --- Learn more about WWII in these other Crash Course videos: Crash Course World History: World War II (#38): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78COTwT7nE Crash Course US History: World War II Part 1 (#35): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad6rG6U World War II Part 2 (#36): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HofnGQwPgqs Crash Course European History: World War II (#38): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hs_JMydrxZM World War II Civilians and Soldiers (#39): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlx6ur_D51s The Holocaust, Genocides, and Mass Murder of WWII (#40): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQeDvnapdlg Post-World War II Recovery (#42): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlp068CmQaE Crash Course Black American History: World War II (#31): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7wrwPnQVg4 --- Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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