Surgery 101
441. From Fiber to Video: The Visual Revolution in Endoscopy and Laparoscopy
February 4 · 11 min · 16.2 MB
0:00-11:06
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By the mid-20th century, endoscopy's long-standing challenge of safely illuminating internal structures was transformed by postwar advances—especially Harold Hopkins's 1950s rod-lens system, which enabled brighter, distortion-free, miniaturized imaging that could reliably guide clinical decisions.
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