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Artwork for Ethical Hacker & Cyber Defence
Ethical Hacker & Cyber Defence · May 1 · 15 min

Observe an ICMP packet with ping

**Theoretical Recap** ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network-layer protocol (OSI Layer 3) used primarily for diagnostic and error-reporting purposes. Unlike TCP or UDP, ICMP does not carry application data — it carries control messages...

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**Theoretical Recap** ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network-layer protocol (OSI Layer 3) used primarily for diagnostic and error-reporting purposes. Unlike TCP or UDP, ICMP does not carry application data — it carries control messages...

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